Horizontal ventilation in a private house. What are the exhaust systems? Operation and care of the cooker hood

In private houses, as well as any communal dwellings, apartments and other places of residence it is difficult to imagine a kitchen without ventilation. People have always resorted to the usual airing of the kitchen, but we live in an age of unprecedented progress and every modern kitchen should be equipped with such a device. Initially, the hoods came up to avoid losing heat in the kitchen, because if you open the window in winter to ventilate the room, you can easily catch a cold. The hood perfectly copes with the ventilation task, it is only necessary to install it above the stove and during cooking to press one of the buttons. Also, this addition is often equipped with a backlight, which will always come in handy.

Usually the planning of ventilation shafts occurs either before the construction or during the construction of the house itself. All that is associated with the internal improvement of housing, you need to think in advance. If you still do not have hoods, and you decided to install it, then stock up on necessary patience and knowledge for this. It's not so difficult to mount it yourself or buy it. Installation is quite simple, so you can not spend your money on the services of workers. In addition, it does not require special precautions and will look aesthetically in a wooden house.

Kitchen extract as an important element

In the kitchen there are always foreign smells, which not everyone seems to be pleasant, and high humidity can gradually worsen your health. This is another proof of the need for a kitchen hood through the wall in a private house to clean your room. Therefore, before installing, read the following requirements for this add-on.

1. The essence of airing is that as soon as possible contaminants in the kitchen are mixed with clean air. After this, they must undergo the withdrawal procedure and leave the room completely with the help of a hood.
2. For proper operation kitchen hoods  It is necessary to know the maximum available number of working burners for a gas cooker. If the kitchen premise is more than fifteen square meters (15 m), then four hotplates do not prevent the hood from doing its work. For twelve square meters (12 m), the number of burners should not be more than three, for eight meters (8 m2) - only two burners.
3. Also it is necessary to reckon with certain norms, which are regulated by a special document. It says about the correct speed and quality of air exchange in the kitchen. This is about 140 cubic meters per hour for gas stoves and 110 cubic meters per hour for electric stoves.

Before installing the hood, you should carefully read the documents

These three small prudent accounts will help you achieve the correct and quality ventilation task from the hood.

Installation

Before assembling, be sure to choose good and quality components for drawing. Check out the engineering table templates that will help you correctly place the ventilation channels, calculate the length and width of the internal section of the channels. This in the future will contribute to the rapid and high-quality removal of air through the wall to the street.

Himself vent channel, if you look at it from the side, it is a branchy tree. However, the materials are not at all from this component. Experienced workers and users of this system are strongly encouraged to use stainless steel. The walls inside the channels must be as smooth as possible in order to reduce the possibility of building up inside debris or plaque. And in order to virtually kill the risk, install a special grid in the wall of the hole, which will not let anything pass through the air.

To properly supply your house with ventilation, take note of certain standards for the placement of ventilation shafts. This can not be called a rule, since it is only a consequence of trial and error, which will help to do everything from the first time with the best long-lasting result. For installation, it is necessary to make holes that will be responsible for the input and output of oxygen. The hole in the wall should be above the level of the foundation and will perform the retracting function.

The hole for the hood will be on the roof, and the pipe, which removes unwanted air pollutants directly to the street, should rise no less than fifty centimeters (50 cm).

What is natural ventilation?

This method of ventilation has a number of differences and disadvantages in comparison with ventilation in communal apartment buildings. All houses with apartments are built according to a specific generally accepted template and it is difficult to make mistakes here and encounter inconsistencies during construction.

In addition, the ventilation system must be present in each room, and this complicates the process of its careful planning and installation. Therefore, it often happens that if there is an established ventilation system  it does not perform any functions, that is, it does not work. Therefore, it is necessary to study again on the mistakes made by other people beforehand, to consider them and to exclude repetitions of gaffes. Study the comments of professionals.

1. The first mistake is that the hole under the ventilation shaft is not in the intended place. According to the rules, it should be under the ceiling, at least 10 cm below it. The fact is that warm air  always rises, so the hole must be made in the uppermost place of the room. Only in this case will it be possible to withdraw and filter the air.
2. Height vent pipe  must be of sufficient length, otherwise the air inside the channel can stop and the sense from all the work done will not be.
3. It is impossible to combine ventilation of adjacent rooms.
4. Many people for their kitchen set the hood and forget about the hole for natural ventilation. This, too, can lead to some problems.

Artificial ventilation in the kitchen

Just one opening for the kitchen may not be enough for effective ventilation, so people resort to buying and installing a special hood. It will not hit your pocket, and in the kitchen it will be easier to stay during cooking.

Why can not natural ventilation cope with the task? On the street is not always windy weather, and this has a direct relationship to the ventilation system. And also in the street in the summer can be unbearable heat. If you add to all this active work in the kitchen like cooking, you can do harm to your health.

A vent for artificial ventilation will solve all these problems.  Therefore, now the following comments on its installation and operation will be offered:

• as already mentioned above, install a stainless steel hood, aluminum extrusion will also be a good option - these two options will have a better effect of strength and durability than other applicants;
• filter for extraction - it is installed by default, but for quality work  it is recommended to change it about once every six months;
• if a sufficiently powerful fan is installed in the hood, the ventilation shaft can be quickly clogged with a very strong head of the eliminated air - this will lead to the non-functioning of the device and everything that should be removed will remain in the kitchen;
• prevention and care of the hood should also be present: in a timely manner, clean the channels of foreign contaminants and fat accumulations;
• if the kitchen is of sufficient size and is suitable for the four turned on simultaneously, it is recommended to install two holes at once: one will receive fresh air, and after the second remove unwanted - this will also be useful in the summer hot season.

There is nothing more to comment on, the installation of the kitchen hood will not make any problems for even an uninitiated user - the kitchen will be fresh and will be a paradise for any lover to stand by the stove.

Comments:

• House ventilation installation
• Natural ventilation of the building
• Nuances of ventilation in the wall of the house
• Ventilation of forced type
• Purpose of the ventilation system

Any person wants to see his house cozy, warm, filled with fresh air. It is worth noting that the atmosphere in the rooms is replaced much more rapidly if the building is equipped with a mechanical system of exchanging air for supply and exhaust. This is due to the different speeds of mass movement in the ventilation system.

To show the right, properly assembled air exchange system can now not all at home. But this affects the quality of the inhaled air. Such channels are most often located in the kitchen and rooms with a bathroom. The living quarters do not contain such systems. Ventilation in the wall of the house will help to provide the building with clean and fresh air, to get rid of stagnant masses.

Considering the fact that many modern houses are equipped with metal doors and PVC windows, the exhaust air has no way out and it will be difficult to get into the room. Any ventilation device must have a supply and exhaust duct, which must be located in any rooms.

House ventilation installation

It is known that the buildings of the modern design are very tight. For this reason, they need a good air exchange. After all, in an enclosed space oxygen ends quickly, and its place is taken up by carbon dioxide. The lack of good ventilation in the room leads to the accumulation of harmful substances. Any dust particles gradually settle in the surrounding space.

Ventilation, carried out clearly and competently, protects people from such troubles, preventing dust from entering the lungs.

Before installing such a system, one should take into account the uniqueness of the construction of each house. Classic schemes may not always be useful. Of course, in such cases it is possible to supply ventilation of a natural type, significantly saving money. Do not forget that the permissible temperature norms will be a difference of 15 degrees, if you compare the indicators on the street and in the room itself. Otherwise, the cost of heating the house will double.

Back to contents

Natural ventilation of the building

Tools for ventilation installation: a knife, a tape measure, a puncher, a spatula.

Such a system is a channel vertical type, taking the basis in the room and finishing their action on top of the ridge at the roof. Masses for such systems move under the influence of traction. It is associated with the mismatch of air temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the channel. After all, warm air has a lower mass.

The effect of the traction device is associated with the wind, which can influence it, by increasing or decreasing it. An important influence is the presence of tapering and turning mechanisms, height and section of the ventilated channel.

In the warm season, the process of changing the air in the room will deteriorate, sometimes there is a complete lack of oxygen supply to the building. In frosty days, the thrust acquires maximum performance.  Natural ventilation creates the prerequisites for the loss of heat up to 40% of the total mass.

Usually a natural way of air exchange is located in the kitchen, bathroom facilities, dressing room, boiler room. Channels of secondary importance are installed in basements and floors. Usually, in this order, there is no proper ventilation of the room, so they resort to opening the window shrouds. The presence in the house of window blocks of increased tightness gives the basis for setting outside on the wall and in the opening of the inlet valves.

Despite the convenience of this device, natural ventilation is characterized by individual deficiencies. The constructed openings in the form of valves, located in the walls and windows, create drafts, become a place for collecting dust from the street, significantly reduce the sound insulation of the room. Negative factors include the inability to check the amount of incoming and outgoing air.

Often, wooden houses with this method of ventilation have a high air humidity. Because of it on surfaces it is possible to observe displays of a fungus, on frames the unnecessary moisture accumulates. This means that the chosen system is unable to cope with the problem. Other buildings, on the contrary, have excessively dry air.

Similar facts will say that air masses  output through the operation of the ventilation system. The air, dried by frost with heat, enters the canal of this structure without being saturated with moisture. An automatic mode sensor is installed on the channel, acting at the level of the humidity meter. The valve helps to cope with the loss of heat in the cold season.

For such ventilation to work without complications, it is important to install the hood in the kitchen and electric fans. But these devices are designed for air exchange for a short time, when there are significant pollution. As a result of the operation of the fan, the humidity of the room drops, and the thrust in the channels increases. In the winter, significant heat is wasted, and the humidity of the air is reduced to zero.

Back to contents

Nuances of ventilation in the wall of the house

In most cases, the air exchange system on the wall is installed in the kitchens. Venting the natural type does not show sufficient efficiency. As a result, condensation and foreign smells appear.

Such a device is constructed from rooms with installed plumbing. In order to correctly design the draft plan, it is necessary to determine the correct location of the point. The movement of air masses is directed to the places of penetration of steam and odors. For the kitchen, this place will be a stove and a sink.

Exhaust fans are placed in the circular openings. In such cases, use a drill. A coupling is supplied with the fan. It is fixed in the hole for air exchange with the street.

Ventilation in the wall, which has a square shape, requires the construction in the base of the openings of the desired configuration. To bring such a system out of the house, it is enough to perform the following actions: a hole is drilled on the wall, a fastening element is installed around it. The fan is screwed inside and fixed on the wall. The final point is the installation of a grate on the surface of the pipe from the street.

Before installing the fan, the electrical wires must be attached.

Often many owners put the ventilation system in the window. This option is excluded in the case of the presence of double-glazed windows, laminated and tempered glasses.

On the eve of carrying out all the work you need to calculate the necessary figures. It is good, if the project of future works is presented. You should choose the base on which the air intake flap will be located:

• in the wall;
• on the ceiling;
• in the flooring.

Ventilation in the wall is mandatory where the construction of the wooden floor on the logs is located. In the wood and the heat-insulating layer there should be no moisture. To ensure free airflow in the room of the underground, it is necessary to make purges from different sides of the floor, located at the lowest point of the floor. As a result of the construction of such a device, the masses penetrate when wind force moves.

On the outside of the house, such blowouts are tightened by a grid. Rodents are not penetrated through it. It is important to build a system that promotes good air circulation. As such a version, the usual gaps are used under the door. The design of such a plan is placed in the wall or in the door itself.

In order to bring air into the room with strong blocks of sealed materials, a space is placed between the door and the opening itself check valve. This installation is end-to-end type and is represented by a branch pipe. The external and internal parts of the walls of the house need to be installed in gratings. They should be on the nozzle points. In this case, the grating acts as a regulator of the amount of incoming air.

With the participation of the supply wall valve  it is possible to completely stop the arrival of masses or reduce its speed. The grate with mechanical adjustment is associated with a change in its positions, as a result of which the saturation with air is somewhat reduced. When installing natural ventilation  you need to take into account that the length of the duct determines the effectiveness of the device, then the draft of air will be better.

Ventilation through the wall to the street, more precisely its structure, features and advantages, is most often interested in consumers. Such a hole in the wall is usually done in the kitchen or bathroom.

Before proceeding with the work, it is necessary to clarify the design features and the rules of its installation, so as not to disturb the thermal insulation of the premises.

Ventilation through the wall to the street ensures the influx of fresh and exhaust air in those cases where natural movement  Air is not enough to maintain a normal microclimate in a dwelling.

  In an apartment with plastic windows you can not do without installing ventilation

Installation forced ventilation became a necessity in those homes where the installation of plastic windows. This sealed construction completely eliminates the free natural flow of fresh air through the cracks between the flaps.

AT modern houses  (both multi-storey and private) there is no specially organized and established network of channels through which fresh air enters the room according to the draft principle.

This means that in such buildings there is no system absolutely independent of other devices providing comfortable conditions for those who are in the room. By installing the ventilation system, a system is created in the walls of private houses:

• with mechanical withdrawal of air masses;
• with a natural influx;
• combined.

The first thing to do is choose the location of the hole in the wall, and after that you have to make a choice and purchase a system to ensure natural or mechanical ventilation.

It should be noted that the speed with which air moves with natural ventilation is only 1 m³ / h, and when installing a mechanical system, it increases to 5 m³ / h.

Variety of equipment and calculation of indicators

  Equip the system with a powerful fan

However, many experts argue that the optimal microclimate in the room is created precisely with the minimum speed of air masses, so most consumers are interested in combined devices.

By equipping exhaust ventilation through the wall to the street, it is worth taking care not only of the correct location of the hole for mounting and installing the device, but also about its parameters.

Each of the existing structures  equipped with a powerful fan, the launch of which is carried out:

• manually;
• at the signal of humidity sensor;
• by the timer according to the selected mode.

Before you buy necessary equipment, it is necessary to accurately calculate its main specifications. This is easy to do, it is enough to use the formula, knowing the volume of the room and the air exchange rate set for it:

• kitchen - 15 times;
• toilet - 8 times;
• bathroom - 20 times (due to high humidity).

The calculation is carried out according to the formula M = O x B, where:

• M - power of the installed fan;
• O - the volume of the room where the hole in the wall will be made;
• B is the rate of air exchange. For more information on calculating the ventilation system, see this video:

The fan is mounted on the wall opposite the source of natural air intake, in the upper part of it is closer to the ceiling.

Performance of works

Use a drill perforator

  The fan is installed after mounting the coupling in the hole

To create a hole for ventilation, you need to use a drill with a crown attachment of the correct diameter. A coupling made of plastic is included in the delivery or sale of equipment.

In those cases where the hole in the brick wall  for ventilation systems is square cross-section, you will need a drill-perforator with a shoulder blade.

After the completion of the work on the creation of the desired hole and installation in the wall of the coupling, it is possible to proceed with the marking for the mounting of the fan. As fasteners use dowel nails or spacer dowels. The fan is mounted from the side of the street.

All cracks around the hole in the wall must be carefully filled with mounting foam, ensuring a high-quality sealing of the structure.

  Non-return valve protects the room from cold flows

Installing the check valve is necessary to prevent cold air from entering the room when the fan is off. There are models with a built-in check valve, and they do not require additional installation works, but if necessary installation check valve  is attached to the inner side of the wall.

At the end of the manipulations on the outer wall, a decorative grill is fixed, which prevents the penetration of cold air at a time when this is not necessary.

Natural ventilation is equipped with the installation of a supply valve. It is mounted by creating a through hole in the wall of the building, but unlike the mechanical design, the consumer is not able to control the flow of incoming air. When installing such a valve in homes built in the coldest regions, it must be borne in mind that the supply valve can freeze itself and cause the wall to freeze. For an example of a kitchen ventilation device, see this video:

Ventilation in the wall of the house is a necessary construction where wooden floors are laid on logs. Qualitative circulation of air masses will avoid the appearance of mold and fungus, get rid of high humidity in the room and maintain comfort.

Hermetic plastic windows in offices and apartment buildings gave rise to another problem. Now the rooms need ventilation. But providing a home with air is only part of the solution. And if in multi-storey buildings such constructions are planned at once, then in private it is often necessary to think about this very owner. The flow of gases entering the air masses of the premises is also necessary. For this purpose, it serves exhaust ventilation  through the wall to the street.

Ventilation in a private house

When designing country houses and urban cottages it is necessary to take into account all the details. It is especially important installed ventilation  in a private house.

The mechanical ventilation system in this case can be arranged in several ways. But most often used exhaust or supply-exhaust. These types of ventilation provide the most comfortable microclimate in the premises, preserving the integrity of the structures.

How to do it right in a private house? The device of the ventilation system is realized in several steps:

• the volume of clean air is determined, which must be provided according to the norms;
• the dimensions of the required air duct are calculated;
• next, an optimally suitable ventilation scheme in the supporting wall is selected;
• a plan is being prepared for the installation of air channels;
• the location of ventilation installation is determined;
• devices are installed to ensure the inflow and outflow of air;
• an air removal system is being constructed.

Professionals pay attention to the fact that ventilation with access to the wall in a private house is customarily designed.

Ventilation systems are of three types:

• natural ventilation;
• forced by fans;
• mixed system.

Is arranged forced system  in several ways:

• with the help of a fan through the window;
• blowdowns and outflow channels;
• exhaust hood in the wall.

For high-quality work of structures, you need to choose the right location for the hood. The inflow and outflow of air must cover all places that are sources of odors and steam.

Natural ventilation system

Operates natural appearance  ventilation is completely autonomous. Air circulates in this case according to the arranged ventilations and channels located in the walls. Air moves here by the principle of drafts and does not require foreign devices. The installation and maintenance of such ventilation does not require large monetary costs.

Natural ventilation is present more often in older buildings and sometimes in modern buildings. In multi-storey buildings, ventilation systems have outlet channels at the locations of the vent stack.

To properly operate the natural exhaust system, the air intake holes are located on the external wall at the bottom, and the hood is removed to the opposite side  above or in another room. Valves can be located in different places.

Ventilation hoods in modern homes where plastic windows are supplied are not always necessary. In such window systems, supply air systems are already provided, equipped with filters and flaps, which allow to regulate the functioning of the valve.

But where the climate is severe, inflow holes are better done under the windowsill, next to the heating pipes, so that the air coming from outside, heated and penetrated into the room warm.

Make the exhaust holes with a drill with a large drill inserted. The shape of the channels is usually round. There are, of course, square channels, but more effort is required to make them.

Forced ventilation

In this hole, a tube is laid that diverts air. The tube is laid on the heater so that there are no cracks. They can be sealed with construction foam.

Then set the valve so that it does not touch the tube. Then mark the fasteners.

Drill holes and mount dowels in them. Screws are attached to the wall with screws. On the body on the outside, put on the lid.

In forced ventilation systems, fans are mounted inside the tube, allowing it to be regulated. For example, in the case of a long absence of owners, the fan can be installed so that it runs at minimum power. Completely disconnect ventilation is not recommended.

If there is no electric heater in the structure, the power consumption is small. Holes for air are placed, directing to a place where the inhabitants of the house spend more time.

To connect the fan, you need to conduct wiring. It is possible to equip the fan with a timer, so that it is switched on at regular intervals.

Supply and forced system

Such ventilation can distribute air masses through the room, but only if there are air ducts in the room. For such movement of air to the ventilation devices, plastic or steel taps are connected, the ends of which are closed with a grate.

Ventilation construction in the toilet

In private buildings, toilets are not necessarily installed indoors.

Toilet inside the building

The hood in the toilet is arranged during construction. But it also happens that such an important construction is absent, if the toilet, for example, was absent. Then the ventilation system needs to be done together with its arrangement. If this is missed, the damp room will accumulate dampness, and then mold and unpleasant "scents" will appear.

To avoid this, ventilation from the toilet to the street is arranged. It consists of:

• air ducts;
• supply channels;
• fans in the hole for drawing.

Ducts are pipes that pass through an attic or a wall. Fans are necessary to strengthen the thrust in the duct.

Street toilet

It is also necessary to equip ventilation systems, not only booths, but also cesspools. After all, the pit is located directly under the booth. In addition to unpleasant smells, the pit gradually destroys the building. In order to avoid the accumulation of odors, it is possible to plan a pit at some distance from the cabin with the help of sewer pipes with a flushing system. Then additional ventilation will not need to be done.

But it is possible and the option of organizing a ventilation system.

If the odor is not strong, a natural ventilation structure is sufficient. But with strong "flavors" natural ventilation is unlikely to suffice.

The scheme of natural ventilation is as simple as possible: at the bottom of one wall, a supply channel is made. At the top of the opposite wall is a suction hole. With mild smells, this ventilation can easily cope with its task.

In the case of a forced ventilation system, the exhaust hole is installed by a fan operating from the power grid, therefore electricity is supplied to the toilet booth. But you should take care of the safe wiring.

In the case of the location of the toilet in the street, it is also necessary to have a vent for the cesspool.