Radiators for home heating. We choose radiators for heating. Sections or panels: main differences
Every modern private house, apartment or office has a heating system. But sometimes there is a need to update the heating system, or install it from the "zero", in the case of building a new building.
The heating system of a private house consists of a boiler (if heating is not centralized), pipes and radiators. In this article we will discuss radiators. We will look at their types, try to study all the positive and negative sides of each of them.
But while it's easy enough to accomplish, this is a task that we often forget. Knowing how to bleed the radiator can make your heating more energy efficient, keep the boiler in peak condition, and this will save you money on heating costs. And a little basic know-how can prevent all sorts of problems; from inefficient heating to rust, leaks and terrible damage to the boiler.
When should you bleed the radiator?
In this manual, find out why radiation radiators are so important, how to check the signs of a problem with gas heating and how to shed a radiator. If your gas central heating does not heat your home properly, this may be due to the fact that there are air bubbles in the system. This happens when you need to bleed the radiator. These bubbles prevent effective circulation of hot water, so the radiators are not as hot as they should be, and take more time to warm your home.
Also we'll look at the radiators, and the people simply have batteries, we'll find out which ones are better and which ones should be used in this or that case.
Heating system devices - terminology
For today it is possible to choose radiators of the most various forms
In order for you to correctly understand what will be discussed, it is necessary to determine the terminology.
Uneven heating can also lead to mold and moisture, so if you think this could be a problem, read our practical instructions for working with condensation and mold. Before proceeding to the study of how to pump a radiator, you will need to check for clogging in the system. First, turn on the central heating of the gas and make sure that each thermostatic radiator valve is fully charged and not blocked. Once the heat has warmed up, put on gloves and check how each of the radiators is lit by turns.
In everyday life, we all used to hear the word "battery", but the correct name for this product will sound like a "heater".
Under this definition, there are both radiators and modern convectors. Types of radiators do not matter if you consider their essence.
After all, all the heating devices, one way or another, ensure the supply of heat from the coolant to the air of the heated room.
As the air bubbles in the central heating system of the gas rise, you will find that the air collects at the top of the radiators and is steadily assembled, making your home colder as the problem gets worse. Therefore, if the radiator does not heat up or cool from the top and is hot at the bottom, you will need to learn how to bleed.
Which radiators are preferred for a private house
However, before starting the bleeding process, check for signs of a more serious problem. In particular, pay attention to rust or water under or on the radiator, as this may be a sign of a leak in your heating system. Also make sure that the power indicator of your boiler is on, the boiler pressure is at the correct level and that your boiler is not leaking.
In order to understand the entire process of the liquid heating system more precisely, let us consider the simplest method.
In a special container - the boiler - the heat carrier is heated to a certain temperature and fed through pipes under the pressure of a circular pump.
Thus, the entire system has forced circulation. In a system where such a pump is not available, the liquid circulates naturally.
How to pump a radiator in six steps
If there are no other obvious problems, your home heating will almost certainly benefit from bleeding radiators. 1, Start by turning off the central heating, as otherwise boiling water can be sprayed out of the radiator when you eject it. Collect your tools: put the kitchen on a dry cloth, like a tea towel, and a bowl or tray to catch water.
A pair of strong narrow pliers can cope with this task, but it risks damaging the valve, so use the radiator key, if you can. 3, find the square bleeder screw in the upper corner of the radiator and place the bowl or tray directly beneath it at the bottom of the radiator.
After heating to a certain temperature, the coolant enters the heater, which in turn transfers heat to the room, to heat it.
The material from which the heaters are made is different. Also, the working pressure for each type of heating devices is different, especially for multi-storey apartment buildings.
4, Then place the radiator wrench on the outlet screw, cover it with another cloth and slowly turn the key counter-clockwise about half a turn. As the air is exhausted, you will hear a hissing sound. At this point, keep the tissue close so that the water does not drip or splash on the radiator.
5, After the air ceases to hiss, and the water begins to leak steadily, again tighten the screw, trying not to overtighten or damage the valve. This is the main process when bleeding the radiator, but wipe the radiator in order not to leave moisture, which can cause rust.
In multi-storey houses, as a rule, the pressure of the coolant is much higher than, for example, in a private house system that has its own individual heating.
For installation in the private sector, heating devices of almost any type are suitable, because the pressure in such systems will not exceed three atmospheres.
The technological process of heating the building involves only two methods: the radiation of heat directly from the surface of the heating device, or the use of convection currents. The houses of old buildings are distinguished by the use of cast-iron radiators.
6, Turn on the heat again and check the pressure in the boiler. If it is below the optimal level, you may need to increase it using the fill loop on your boiler. Usually it is a tap or lever on the main water supply of your boiler. Finally, make sure that all radiators are evenly heated and that none of the exhaust valves is leaking. You may need to heat some radiators several times, but if the problem still persists, contact your heating specialist.
What are other long-term solutions to improve your home heating?
More than 50% of our fuel bills go to heating and hot water. Knowing how to radiate a radiator can be invaluable in reducing heating costs, but there are many other quick fixes that are worth knowing that can make your gas central heating system more energy efficient, helping to save money.
These heaters produce heat in the surrounding air by radiation. Convectors have a different operating principle. From them, the heat flows through the circulation of the air flow, which goes through the heater from the bottom up.
The best heating radiators - how to choose?
So, where to start if you needed a new radiator? Going to the store to buy new radiators for the heating system, you already have to determine exactly which radiators you need.
Although this may seem superfluous, try using your pot in spring and summer, as well as in autumn and winter. It is also important to monitor obvious signs of trouble. If the pressure constantly falls on your condensing boiler, or if water leaks out or next to it, a leak may occur, in which case you will need a professional who has proven himself in gas safety to look.
Difficult problems can usually be avoided if your boiler is serviced annually. You can also save money and energy by installing a thermostat on your boiler. If you have a conventional boiler, you can also consider insulation. They cost about £ 15 and save an average of £ 40 per year, preventing heat leakage. Proper insulation can also be important for the energy efficiency of your home. Loft insulation installation can save up to £ 250 per year, and draft protection for your windows and doors can save up to £ 50 per year on your gas bills.
Just buy the first liked radiator in appearance - this is a fundamentally wrong approach to such a serious matter. After all, if you compare the radiators that are absolutely identical in appearance, the heat output, power and efficiency of each of them can vary significantly.
Many parameters of the radiators depend on the material from which they are made, the internal capacity of the radiator, as well as the way it is installed and connected.
Isolation is a great way to keep a house warm in an effective way; For more specific recommendations, please read our guide on. Old radiators: Limited comfort of life. Obsolete radiators often heat up slowly, so that the heat in the room is not evenly distributed, and the desired temperature is reached only very late. Corrosion is also a common problem and involves a risk of leakage. Flexible heating and pleasant heat distribution with economical energy consumption - modern radiators meet these requirements.
Therefore, before buying radiators for the heating system, you must first arm yourself with the appropriate knowledge, and then you can safely go to the store for purchase. Good heating batteries have a high efficiency, and a good quality assembly.
Calculation of radiators of heating systems
There are average calculations of specialists who will help to choose the right type of radiators. On average, 95 to 125 W per square meter of heated space is consumed.
Modern radiators: optimally use heat. With modern low-temperature radiators, you can save up to 15 percent of energy. Their greatest advantage is the reaction rate: they respond very quickly to gaining profits and losses.
Their merits are
This saves heat energy and provides an almost constant and uniform temperature level. The right time to update the radiators. In most cases, the heating system is replaced by radiator exchange. This is especially true if a heat pump, oil heating system or gas heating with condensing boiler technology or solar thermal energy is installed. The low output of the boiler is often no longer sufficient for old radiators. This also applies if the house has been carefully renovated and insulated.
This calculation takes into account that the room has one window and one door, the ceiling of the room is not more than three meters and the average temperature of the coolant is 70 ° C. If these dimensions are violated in one direction or another, then it is necessary to make an adjustment of the calculations.
For example, if the ceiling of a room is more than three meters, then the power of the radiators must be increased by as many times as the ceilings are higher than the specified size. If the ceiling of the room is less than three meters, then the heating power, respectively, can be reduced.
This is different in the case of heating a tree or pellets, in which old radiators can often be operated further. Also, the reason for the renovation of radiators is the room climate: old radiators swirl much more dust - a burden, especially for those suffering from allergies. New models provide relief here. In case of complex repair, an alternative to floor heating, for example floor heating, can be used.
What to rely on when choosing the type of radiator for a private house
Costs for new radiators New radiators not only save energy, but also set optical accents in the living room. This is reflected in a wide spread of costs. While brand radiators cost an average of 500 euros, for designer radiators there is an average range of 150 to 800 euros, depending on the size.
Also it is necessary to consider which window is installed in the heated room. If this is a modern double-glazed window, then it has a low heat loss, it keeps the heat well, so the power of the radiator can be decreased by 10%.
Lowering the temperature inside the coolant (if it is below the standard 70 ° C) will require increasing the heatsink power or increasing the number of its sections. Any decrease in the coolant temperature by 10 ° C should be compensated by an increase in the radiator power by 15-20%.
Small, but effective: new thermostats also save energy. Thermostats are the best example of the fact that even small measures significantly reduce energy consumption. Modern thermostats work much more accurately and can reduce energy consumption by seven percent. Therefore, the exchange is worth it because it enhances comfort. After 15 years, the accuracy of the thermostat deteriorates noticeably, and deviations from the desired temperature become greater. The desired ideal temperature is available with new thermostats from the installation, financially the exchange of radiator thermostats already pays off in about five years.
Thus, if the water temperature in the heating system does not exceed 50 ° C, then the power of the radiator must be increased by one and a half times. Types of radiators play an important role in this matter.
Let's consider one more possible variant of calculation of quantity of radiators of heating and their capacity: if in a room there is not one window, and this room in the house is angular.
Aluminum and bimetal radiators: which is better?
Savings are programmed: electronic radiator thermostats. For maximum comfort and the best energy-saving effect, programmable thermostats that control the radiators. They allow you to adjust the temperature over time for each radiator. This saves homeowners a lot of manual work, because constant on and off is no longer required. The time of heating and temperature can be precisely adapted to the needs of the inhabitants.
Radiators can be lacquered. Acrylic enamel applied on an aluminum radiator gives the same metallic effect of stainless steel. To improve the result, you can also paint the bottom wall. Classic radiator made of cast iron. It meets mostly obsolete equipment, although still very effective. For rejuvenation, "an element is a good idea to paint it, possibly with unusual and bright colors, or in order to easily integrate the radiator with" furniture. "
In this case, one radiator is installed under each window, and their total heat output must be 1.5 times higher than the standard one. When carrying out the calculations, it is necessary to take into account how the whole construction of the heating system is made, and to know its features.
The formula for calculating the number of radiator sections. Click to enlarge.
Which radiator is suitable for a private house
There are environments that at first glance may seem a little dull and need a touch of style to change its appearance. A good solution is to paint the radiator with a vibrant shade, hilarious and able to completely change the perception of the environment: yellow, orange, green are perfect for this purpose.
All "in an elegant and discreet environment, with attention to every detail, you can set a certain type of heating: the base and the size are the" PROVIDED "object, but instead of maintaining the classic white, you can change the color using humiliating tones. In accordance with the rest of the furniture.
For example, if the supply of hot water (or another coolant) is carried out through the lower opening, the return, respectively, through the top, then the radiators in such a system will not reach about 10% of the capacity. So all the same, what are the good radiators for heating?
No matter how your heating system is arranged, installing more than 10 sections on one radiator becomes meaningless, since excess sections of the radiator heat very poorly. How to choose radiators for, and determine which ones are better?
Steel radiators
The radiator of steel, panel type is a heat device having a high operating efficiency, and withstanding pressure up to thirteen atmospheres, at an operating pressure of nine atmospheres.
Ratings of sales of radiators have shown that such electric radiators are quite in demand during the construction of multi-storey buildings. This type of heating device is made of steel sheets with stamped grooves for free passage of the coolant.
To increase the heat output from the back, special ribs are welded on them, which strengthen the conventional air flow. Steel, from which such radiators are made, use low-carbon, as it has improved resistance to corrosion.
In addition, steel radiators are covered from above with a special powder enamel. Radiators of heating, which are better heated, have a higher efficiency, they must be installed directly under the windows of the room.
Cast iron radiators
The radiator is cast-iron - the well-known classical "accordion", widely used in the times of the USSR as the only worthy heating element.
Well, this is really a quality radiator, widely used in our modern world. Its main advantage is the material from which the radiator is made-cast iron.
Cast iron radiators are an excellent option for heating your home.
It perfectly gives heat, it is resistant to any kind of coolant, which allows using it even with poor technical preparation of the coolant (meaning purification of water or other liquid used in the system), with increased aggressiveness of the coolant.
For our operating conditions, this variant of room heating is very convenient. The share of radiator heat flow is about 70%, and about 30% convective heat.
This ability of cast iron radiators allows you to warm up well both the upper and lower zones of the room.
It is worth paying attention to another important point of cast iron heating sections - it's their resilience. Their service life can reach fifty years.
In sum with low cost, excellent technical characteristics, availability of a variety of models in the construction market, an increased demand for cast iron radiators.
Therefore, which heating batteries are suitable for your premises, and whether you will be able to use cast-iron radiators - it's up to you.
Aluminum radiators
In comparison with previous models, these radiators are characterized by low weight, elegant design and improved heat dissipation. The manufacture of aluminum radiators is carried out by casting and extrusion (extrusio - ejection). The rating of the radiators for this type of heating is somewhat lower, but rather because of the higher cost.
Each section of such a radiator has a collector that connects the vertical channel of the radiator with the ribs that cause the air flow to accelerate when the heat is removed from the surface. Due to this, heat throughout the area of the room is distributed evenly.
At present, aluminum radiators are very popular among buyers. Click to enlarge.
The radiator is assembled using steel nipples. The radiator sections have gaskets, which are made of waterproof materials.
The face of the radiator is finned, air vent windows in the upper part of the battery. The choice of the power of the aluminum radiator is accomplished by selecting the required number of sections, depending on their height.
Which aluminum radiators are better, and what are they profitable for? Aluminum radiators are advantageous in that you can choose almost any of their height and length, while they fit nicely into the architectural features of any room.
The disadvantages of aluminum radiators include an increased requirement for the chemical composition of the coolant. "Sour" water interacts with aluminum, while hydrogen is released.
Copper fittings available in the radiator design, brass parts, heat exchangers, steel pipes accelerate the corrosion process.
To combat the release of hydrogen in the process of operation, the best aluminum radiators for heating manufacturers are equipped with special alloys that protect the radiator inside.
Bimetal radiators
Bimetal radiators. To date, they are considered to be the best heating elements. The strength of their construction is ensured by steel channels conducting coolant, closed by aluminum fins.
Thanks to this design, the contact of water occurs exclusively with the metal. Bimetal radiators have only two manufacturing options:
- Bimetal radiators with a steel frame covered with aluminum, with the heat-carrier in contact only with the steel surface;
- Bimetal radiators in which steel reinforces vertical channels, so that they can withstand a sufficiently high pressure.
The sections of the battery are connected by means of steel nipples. Bimetallic heating batteries, which are best used in high-rise buildings, can withstand very high pressures even with prolonged loads. In addition, they are resistant to water hammer, they have high heat transfer.
The working pressure of the bimetallic radiators is 35 atmospheres. The capacity of bimetallic sections is less than the capacity of standard aluminum sections, which has a positive effect on reducing the thermal inertia of the devices.
Tests conducted by specialists showed that bimetal radiators were very effective during operation in high-rise buildings.
Whatever the case, the choice of radiators from the presented models on the market must be carried out, depending on the type of your premises, the purpose of the room, and, of course, this is your financial capacity.
The heating system in a wooden house can be different. A common variant is the water or liquid principle. It involves the use of a closed loop of pipes, through which water circulates. Boilers are used for heating water. If the house is located in the gasified area, a suitable solution will be gas boilers. They are economical, but require regular maintenance.
If gas is not produced, use solid fuel boilers on wood, coal or pellets. More functional and easy to operate are electric boilers that are connected to the central power supply. In addition, for heating a private house use traditional stoves and modern warm floors. Read more about installing heating systems in holiday homes.
Water heating provides two options for the location of pipes. With a single-pipe or single-loop installation, the heat transfer medium from the boiler moves along the same pipe to the radiators that are installed in different rooms.
Two-pipe or double-circuit design distributes heat evenly. It assumes that one pipe feeds the hot coolant to the radiators, while the second collects the already cooled water and sends it back to the boiler for a new heating. In this article, we will consider which heating batteries are best for a private house.
What you need to consider
The choice of batteries should be carefully prepared. To select the appropriate and reliable equipment, make calculations and determine the parameters.
The choice of radiators for a private house depends on the following factors:
- Thermal loss of the structure (number of doors and windows, quality of finish and casing insulation , quality of double-glazed windows, etc.);
- If the heating radiators for a private house are installed under the windows, the selector must take into account the dimensions of the equipment. The battery is 7-12 centimeters from the floor, 3-5 centimeters from the wall and 10-15 centimeters from the windowsill;
- The weight of the equipment affects the complexity of the installation. The lighter the battery, the easier it is to install;
- Required heat output. Calculate the power can be calculated using the formula:
| P = S * h * 41: 42 |
Where P is the power,
S - area of the heated room;
h is the height of this room;
41 - minimum power per 1 m3;
42 - the norm of thermal conductivity for one section.
Choosing batteries, the buyer pays much attention to the price and appearance of products. The products should warm the room well and harmonize with the interior. In addition, it is important that they last a long time.
Which radiator material to choose
Products are divided by type of material. Today you can find aluminum and steel, cast iron and bimetallic heating batteries for the home. Let's figure out which radiators to choose for a private cottage or villa. Consider each heater in detail and identify the best of them.
Cast Iron Models produce more than a hundred years. They are characterized by high heat transfer, durability and strength, resistance to condensation and sudden temperature changes, availability and low price. Batteries made of cast iron are capable of heating up to 130 degrees and remain hot for 5-6 hours. Strong products are not prone to quality coolant and will easily serve more than 50 years.
Among the shortcomings noted heavy weight of cast iron and complex assembly. Such products are difficult to install and fasten to the wall. In addition, cumbersome equipment takes up a lot of space and requires constant care, including staining and cleaning.
Aluminum batteries much easier and more practical in installation and use. They consist of sections that can be easily removed and installed. Products are characterized by high power and heat transfer, a wide choice of sizes, aesthetics and an affordable price. But at the same time they are susceptible to corrosion and pressure drop, so the installation of an additional filter and a protective polymer film is required. In addition, such radiators will only last 10-15 years.
Steel radiators produced in three forms. Sectional models are similar to cast iron, but are more practical and convenient for installation due to division into light sections. But these products are quite expensive. Tubular steel batteries or convectors are also very expensive. At the same time they are effective and functional. In addition, the products are distinguished by individual design, which makes it possible to implement any ideas for interior design.
Another type of steel radiators is rectangular panel products. They consist of two panels, which are welded to each other and are connected by channels. The coolant moves along these channels.
The equipment is lightweight, compact in size and quickly heated. Manufacturers produce models with a side and bottom line, which allows you to lay the heating to the floor. Among the shortcomings we note the high sensitivity to shocks, low working pressure and instability to corrosion.
Bimetal batteries made of copper or steel of high quality. Such radiators are distinguished by safety, durability and reliability, and a long service life. Biometric models characterize the increased working pressure, which is 1.5-3 times more than other types of heating appliances. They are expensive, but despite this, they remain the leader of sales for today.
Best heating batteries: a review of brands
| Make | Characteristic | Price |
| Sira | Founders of bimetallic batteries, elegant modern design, light weight and convenient installation, working pressure - up to 35 atm, service life - from 20 years | 700-1500 rubles per section |
| Rifar | Russian bimetal radiators with working pressure up to 20 atm, convenient and practical products, reasonable price | 500-900 rubles per section |
| Sora | Steel panel radiators of German production, wide range, light weight and resistance to temperature changes, operating pressure is 8-13 atm | 2 000 - 6 000 rubles per item |
| Kermi | German radiators made of steel, high heat dissipation and a wide range of models, two-layer coating and resistance to mechanical damage, working pressure - up to 10 atm | 2 000 -10 000 rubles per item |
| Irsap | Italian tubular steel batteries, reliable welding and high-quality surface treatment, wide choice of colors, corrosion protection, working pressure - 10 atm | 700-1300 rubles per section |
| PURMO | Finnish panel convector radiators made of steel with a pressure of 10-12 atm, built-in thermostatic valve, safety elements | 2000-8000 rubles per item |
| Global | Aluminum batteries from Italy, high heat dissipation, double protective coating and compact dimensions, working pressure - up to 16 amps | 4 000 - 12 000 rubles per item |
| Thermal | Russian aluminum radiators, high heat dissipation and stylish original design, high-quality processing and painting, corrosion resistance, light weight and compactness, but sensitive to condensation, operating pressure up to 24 amps | 350 - 6 000 rubles per section |
| Lammin | Finnish aluminum radiators are optimally suited to the northern climate, high quality of painting and good heat dissipation, but sensitive to the composition of water, operating pressure - up to 16 amps | 340 - 5500 rubles per section |
| MS - 140 | Cast-iron batteries with a working pressure of 9 amps, high strength and heat capacity, resistance to corrosion and temperature changes, affordable price, service life - over 50 years | 400-500 rubles per section |
| Konner Modern | Modern cast-iron devices of Russian manufacture with good heat emission, are resistant to corrosion and shock, are not demanding for water composition, working pressure is up to 12 amps | 2000 - 6000 rubles per item |
High-quality reliable heating devices will create a real home comfort. The experts "MariSrub" help you choose the right heating system and radiators. We not only build wooden houses, but also perform battery assembling. Experienced masters of the company will conduct and connect engineering networks qualitatively and reliably, install radiators of any type.
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