Point storm sewage. What is included in the storm sewer system? Operation and repair of watercourses

When designing streets of the private sector and city lines, architects always provide a system of storm sewage. But not everyone knows that a private sector also needs a similar system. Correctly designed storm sewerage in the area will prevent the accumulation of rain and melt water, and therefore protect the walls of the house and the foundation from destruction. Especially relevant is the installation of storm sewage for houses located in regions with an increased number of annual precipitation.

If the owner takes care of his house and the puddles on the site after the rain are unpleasant, then it's worthwhile to think about the design of storm water sewage as early as the planning stage of the house. How to do it correctly we will talk in this article.

What is storm sewerage, what elements does it consist of?

A drainage structure capable of protecting the house from the accumulation of water represents a system of pipes laid around the house, as well as a system located on the roof for drainage and drainage. In the system, water accumulates in special water receivers and is diverted from the site. The main purpose of storm sewage:

1. Accumulation of surplus water after precipitation in special pods, rainwater receptacles, etc.
2. Washing out of solid particles from a site (land, sand, gravel, etc.)
3. The diversion of water into the drainage well for the territory of the site.

There is a drainage design around the house from several elements: a rainwater intake, observation wells, filters (sand catchers), channels, a water basin.

Inlet

This rectangular container is made of polypropylene or polymer concrete. A special basket is built in to the system that collects trash (foliage, paper, branches, etc.). Sprinklers collect water from the roof in a single system of pipes, and sent to a ditch.

It is a closed underground or ground open drainage system that connects to a single system. They are made from special drainage pipes, or ordinary PVC pipes.

Inspection wells

Are located in the corner joints and at the junctions of several channels at once. They are made of special pipes or PVC pipes of a larger cross-section. The purpose of the inspection wells is to simplify the cleaning of the system from accidentally fallen debris and silting.

If there is an urban gutter or a ravine near the site, then it is not necessary to make a drainage well, you can equip the drain directly into the ditch.

Types and principle of storm sewage

There are several options for installing a storm sewage system:

1. Open type. This gutter is located on the surface, the most economical option is the most profitable.
2. Closed type. This complex and expensive construction is located under the ground.
3. The mixed type. Such a livnevka can include elements of the first and second type, perform it in order to save money.

Principle of operation of the system

Without special knowledge, storm sewer is confused with a drainage drainage of water, which consists of a special pipe system and is laid below the foundation level. These species are similar, but have a different purpose and design.

Storm sewers are being installed during the laying of the roof. Throughout the perimeter of the roof have a special design of gutters, funnels and gutters. Under each pipe near the house there is a rainwater intake. The water intake is connected to a system of pipes through which water is diverted from the site.

Along the paths along the entire area of ​​the plot, drainage lines are also installed. Particular attention is paid to places at the entrance to the garage, the house, etc. In such, install a system of trays, top covered with lattices. The entire drainage system is united by single pipes and a common outflow from the site. There may be additional elements in the structure, for example a sand trap. These devices are necessary for trapping large particles and protect the system from clogging.

Design and installation of storm systems

The most important thing in the design of storm sewage is the moment of water flow through the system. Starting from this factor, storm sewage has an individual scheme for each site and depends on various factors:

1. Relief features of the site. It is necessary to take into account the organization of the correct outflow of water.
2. The location of the main building on the site and outbuildings. These indicators will help you to select pipes of the required length and correctly organize the circuit.
3. Terrain and features of precipitation for the year. These data are needed to accurately calculate the number of inspection wells and the diameter of the pipes.

The device provides a slope for every 1m of pipes 1,5-2 cm, so the water will move by gravity. This bias is performed by various methods:

1. Forms the slope of the ground during installation.
2. Steps are made from channels of different heights.
3. Use special channels with an internal slope.

By the way of collecting water, the rainwater can be point or linear.

Point construction of closed type

A point type of storm sewage is the drainage system, when water is removed from the roof by work and falls into the underground system. Since the crash, can get a variety of debris, that is, a high probability of clogging the structure. To prevent this, grids or grids are mounted in the system.

Installation of such a system begins with the preparation of trenches for pipes. The depth of the drainage canals depends on the freezing of the soil in different terrains. The location of the channels should be below the freezing level by 40-50 cm. If this depth is too large (for example in the northern regions), the sewage pipes are insulated.

For a point drainage system, PVC pipes with a diameter of 10 cm are suitable, more can be, less there. For a point system, it is better to use straight lines. If there is no way to do without turns, then they are obtuse, in these places are mounted inspection wells. In the places of breeding several pipes, also installed inspection wells. All joints are sealed with glue or sealant.

The entire structure of the pipes is connected to a single collector pipe. For its manufacture use a pipe of PVC of greater cross-section. It is located at the lowest point of the system. The outlet of the collecting pipe must be in a sewage pit or a collection well. From the well water is used either in economic needs, or make an additional drain into the general ditch. After installing such a system, first run a trial run of water, then only dig in the ground.

Linear system of open type

In such a drainage system, the water from the roof is drained along the drainpipes, fixed around the perimeter, around the house and accumulates in special containers that are located under each drain. This livnevka is open and not hidden from the eyes. The water from these tanks goes into a single system through gutters laid along the ground. Chutes in the system are made of a cut PVC pipe or concrete. On the gutters the water passes into the collector and from there to the gutter. Such gutters are easily clogged, but are also quickly cleaned. for their protection use special gratings, which also play an aesthetic function.

Mount livestock under a slight bias, the only way to avoid shrinkage of the soil. Each channel is connected to the other by means of a sealant. This shower is less aesthetic, but it is easier to maintain.

Installation of the storm system around the house is carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.03-85 "Installation of external pipelines and sewerage" Starting from SNiP, you need to choose the appropriate type of storm sewer for your home. Only after this, the entire system is sketched schematically. This is necessary for an accurate calculation of the necessary materials and the optimal arrangement of canals and water discharge points.

Choose the materials

You can do all the work yourself, for this it is enough to make efforts and spend a little time. According to SNiP for installation, materials will be needed:

1. For a closed system, it is better to use PVC pipes, since it is easier to carry out work with your own hands with this material. According to SNIP, metal or asbestos can also be used. The diameter of pipes is calculated according to SNiP, depending on the amount of annual precipitation in the region, the area of ​​water disposal. Usually for the middle band not less than 100 mm.
2. For open systems, special plastic trays and grills are needed. Along the house of the grill you can use plastic, but on the places of arrival in the garage, at the entrance to the house it is better to use metal ones.

Installation of the system

If the owner has already performed the installation of domestic sewerage with his own hands, then the principle of storm water is similar. All the works are held in several basic stages:

1. Preparation of the trench where pipes and rainwater receivers will be laid. Sprinklers are laid shallowly, and a knee is used to connect with the channels.
2. The trench is covered with a sand pillow under the slope to the place where the collector pipe will be laid. For this, the pillow is poured and rammed at a slight angle. The thickness of the pillow according to SNiP is at least 200 mm, so the trench will have to dig at least 35-40 cm.
3. The system of pipes is stacked: phishing will be connecting as if installing a domestic sewage system. All connections are sealed.
4. In the folds and connecting holes are installed inspection wells.
5. The connection of the main system to the collector pipe joint also needs to be sealed.
6. Flow check. This is done with a bucket of water, which is poured into the system and looks to see if it passes, whether the water moves by gravity.
7. If there are no leaks, the stormwater is covered with soil.

According to SNIP 2. 04.03-85 the device of storm sewage is considered to be an obligatory measure for the improvement of the site. But by executing such a system, you yourself can make many mistakes. The most common of them are:

1. The owners want to save and install only the sewer system on the roofs. Water on them flows directly into the ground near the basement. Over time, the foundation in the drainage areas will collapse.
2. Once a year, the storm sewer must be cleaned, it is not enough just to remove the garbage from the rainwater collectors. It is necessary to clean the sludge and wash the grates.
3. If you connect the channels together is not airtight, then the water will get to the foundation and the destruction is still inevitable. Avoid this by using high-quality sealants and contacting specialists.

Price for the installation of stormwater

The price for installation of storm drain depends on the types of work, complexity and selected materials. For the convenience of readers, the average cost is shown in the table:

As a result, the work of complete installation for a small plot of 6 hectare will cost a minimum of 70,000 rubles. and this is without materials. Do everything yourself or call specialists to decide the owner, but do not forget that despite the theoretical prostate work is time-consuming and requires a lot of time.

Sometimes for a summer resident the long-awaited rain at the height of the season becomes a real disaster. As a result of the prolonged summer rainfall, as well as during the spring flood, a real lake can form on the site. In order to avoid stagnation of water, a system for collecting and removing it from the territory is needed. If there is a storm sewage system built by oneself, the construction costs will be minimal.

Storm sewage - a specific design. In water discharged through this system, there is both small and large debris. Therefore, in livnevke should be a primary cleaning.

The system may differ in the amount of water that it is able to take, the design, the duration of effective functioning.

Livnovki need both in the enterprise, and in private domains. The difference in their design is that large-scale systems are combined with the discharge of treated waters that are used for the needs of the enterprise

Based on the device of the system, it is possible to distinguish 3 types of rainfall:

1. Open. Has the simplest design, easy to perform, is inexpensive.
2. Closed.  This option is more complicated. Here it is necessary to deal with underground pipes, rainwater receivers. The system needs to be planned in advance, and the installation will be better done by a specialist.
3. Mixed.  Choose when there is not enough finance to implement option 2, and also if you need to cover a large area. It is something between the first two.

Storm sewage of the first type is carried out in the form of drainage trays embedded in the coating. On them, water enters a specially designated place or simply merges into a vegetable garden. The second type of system is located below the zero point, which implies excavation in a considerable amount and the corresponding financial investments.

Surface drainage can perfectly fit into the landscape design of the dacha, and even become its decoration. Use the system in small areas

Equip such livnovke mainly in the development of the site. A simpler version of the freezing option. Deepen the system is not very deep - up to a meter maximum, but both in winter and in early spring it is inoperable. To prevent the sewage from freezing, the pipes are buried below the freezing point. At the third type of rainfall, the sewerage elements are partly on top and in the soil.

Experts say that the choice of such an expensive option as a closed livnevka should be justified. Such a decision may be justified by the high requirements for the design of the territory

Designing a rain shower is always individual. There are hardly any sites with absolutely similar conditions. They will always differ, if not by relief, then by planning, by the properties of soils, by the number of auxiliary buildings.

The main elements of the classic sewage system

Storm sewerage is point and linear. The first option involves the collection of water from surfaces that do not absorb moisture, such as a roof, paved areas. In further discharges, they enter the receiving tanks, and after that they enter the drainage system.

With a linear method of diversion of drains, water is discharged into trays located near paths and sites. A simplified version of storm sewage consists of the following elements:

• a central pipe laid beneath a layer of earth and a finishing coat and discharging the collected water to the extreme point of the circuit;
• trays - the main part of the system, transporting excess water to the sand catchers, the efficiency of the drainage operation largely depends on them;
• A sinker located under a pipe or a low point of the yard to collect liquid;
• filters and distributors - invisible, but extremely responsible components.

All the elements that make up the system are equally important. When any one of them fails, the efficiency of the entire structure is reduced.

Types of rainwater drainage for sewerage

The purpose of the water intake is to collect the moisture coming from the pipes, the yard covering. This element first takes over the entire volume of water coming from the drainpipes. When choosing a rainwater intake, they are guided by such data as the average amount of precipitation, their intensity, relief, area occupied by storm sewage.

You can buy a pig iron or plastic. The first is preferable in the case of high loads, while the latter are attracted by moderate cost, low weight, simplifying installation. A cheaper option is to make a rainwater well for storm water drainage at its dacha with its own hand made of bricks.

The walls of the pit are tiled with a brick, leaving a hole for the pipe, then plastered from the inside. And even better - leave a gap between the wall of the ground and the cover and pour it with concrete. The bottom of the laundress must be concreted.

No livnevka will not do without a rainwater intake. It saves both the foundation of the building, and the coating around it. If you try to save on its installation, the moisture that falls on the foundation will lead to shrinkage and cracks on the walls of the building

Make this important element and from concrete rings. Then the lower ring can be purchased with a finished bottom and do not have to fill the slab. Sometimes factory water inlets come on sale complete with a basket, siphon, decorative grating.

Grids for water intake can have different quality and cost. It is always necessary to start from the assumed loads on them during operation

Used most often for private construction, rainwater drainage systems made of plastic or composite materials are produced in the form of a cube with each side equal to 30 -40 cm. Under the side of pipes from below and from all sides of the product there are adapters. In order not to litter the pipes with debris falling through the cells of the grate, the rainwater collectors are equipped with baskets. Once they are filled, they are removed and cleaned, then returned to the place.

The design of the factory rainwater intake provides for partitions dividing its internal space into compartments and creating a water seal. As a result, the unpleasant odor of decomposing organic does not penetrate outside.

The efficiency of a point-to-point drainage system depends not only on its volume, but also on the installation site. It should be under the drainage or in a place where moisture is constantly collected. If it is installed under the pipe, then the jets should fall precisely into the center of the grate, otherwise part of the water will fall on the foundation or the covering of the yard in the form of splashes.

Why do we need sandboxes

Rain and melt water in any case contains a certain percentage of insoluble particles. If the sand trap is not included in the scheme, mud will settle in the sewer and it will cease to function in full. Washing the system is expensive. The sand trap is a camera installed behind point receivers in places where water is discharged into underground pipes. It is designed so that the flow of water, falling into it, reduces the speed.

As a result, under the influence of gravity, suspended particles descend to the bottom, and the liquid released from them leaves through a special hole. In form, the sand trap is a trap with a plurality of chambers arranged horizontally or a chamber in a vertical configuration.

What is the drainage channels

If the blind area around the house is already completed, and the drainage system is not taken care of, as a way out of the situation, you can use drainage gutters, which are also called linear rainwater gates. Channels of concrete or plastic are placed outside the blind area parallel to the paths and eaves of the roof with a certain slope.

In the linear drainage channels, water enters from the roof gutters, and from the entire courtyard covered with asphalt or slabs. Such a sewerage system can cover much more objects than a point source. When buying finished trays, you need to pay attention to such important parameters as the class of permissible load and the limit of mechanical strength.

Tray, at first glance, the product is very simple, but if the calculation is incorrect, the system will not work fully. It is necessary to take into account both the capacity of the storm shower, the type of coverage, and the degree of contamination of the discharged waters

The weakest products are marked A15. This means that their use is permissible at a maximum load of up to 1.5 tons. They are installed around the perimeter of the house, in pedestrian and cyclists designated areas. Trays class B125 cope without damage to its integrity with a load of up to 12.5 tons. They will not damage under the weight of a car, so appropriate in the garage area.

For private construction it is not necessary to buy massive concrete gutters, here plastic trays are quite suitable. They have strength class A, B, C. The material for their manufacture is polyethylene or polypropylene.

An important parameter in the selection of trays is the hydraulic section, denoted by the abbreviation DN. It should correspond to the diameter of the pipes supplied to these elements. For troughs made of plastic, the DN value ranges from 70 to 300.

The length of the standard tray is 1 m. The products are equipped with a locking system, with the help of the gutter, it is possible to line them up in 1 line, attach them to the pipes or make branches. A rational choice for a dacha, a private house is a model from DN100 to DN200.

How to choose a pipe

For storm sewage according to SNIP, pipes made of metal, asbestos or plastics can be used. Most often for a private house and giving a choice, stop on plastic pipes. They are lightweight, decorative, do not corrode, their installation is simple, but the mechanical strength of the material, compared with the metal, is small.

Selecting the material, you need to determine and the diameter of the pipes. The initial value is the largest volume of discharged rain and meltwater. Determine this parameter using the formula:

Q = q20 × F × Ψ

Here: Q is the required volume, q20 is the coefficient characterizing the precipitation intensity for 20 sec. (l per sec per 1 ha). F is the yard area in ha, if the roof is pitched, the area is calculated along the horizontal plane. Ψ is the absorption coefficient.

Different surfaces have their own absorption coefficient. To perform independent calculations, its value can be taken from the table

Based on the calculated value and using the Lukin tables, one finds not only the diameter but also the slope of the system.

The most common domestic storm sewage is performed using pipes with a diameter of 100 mm. The optimum slope of the drains can be taken from this table

With proper selection of the diameter of the pipes, storm sewage will cope with the task even in the moments of the most abundant precipitation. If the flow comes from a number of gutters, they all add up. Practitioners for pipes with a cross section of 110 mm and troughs of the same diameter usually use a slope of 20 mm / st. M.

When the pipe is connected to the rainwater intake, the value of the gradient is somewhat increased to avoid stagnation of the liquid, and at the entrance to the sand catcher the slope is reduced. This slows the flow of water, and the suspended particles settle to the bottom in a larger amount.

Water in a sewage system of this type moves by gravity. There are no pressure pumps, therefore, it is not necessary to search for a team of professionals at a dacha or on a country farmstead for storm sewage. The owner can perform all the work independently.

Where do you need a well and a collector

As in any system consisting of underground pipes, there must be a well in the storm sewage system. Its installation is suitable in the following circumstances:

• if two or more flows converge;
• when it is necessary to radically change the height of the occurrence, the direction of the pipeline or its slope;
• if there is a need to switch to a larger pipe diameter.

Provide for wells and at established intervals of direct sections of the system. If the diameter of the well does not exceed 150 mm, then the next is located at a distance of 30 to 35 m. With a diameter of 200 mm - from 45 to 50 m, and if the diameter is 0.5 m, the interval is increased to 70-75 m. The diameter of the well private house does not exceed 1 m. The deeper the well, the larger its diameter should be.

Some owners spread wells in the old manner from brick or reinforced concrete rings. Others prefer more progressive materials - plastic and fiberglass. According to the design, the wells are demountable and integral. They have the shape of a cylinder with a fully sealed bottom and an opening at the top. For connection of pipes there are branch pipes. Several wells are used as wells.

The collector redirects all fluid streams after combining them into a single whole. The choice of material for this element of storm sewage is individual and depends on the owner's preferences and capabilities

To collect water for the purpose of using it for irrigation or discharge into the system, a collector is included. Sometimes its role is played by a large plastic well. It is converted into a reservoir by tightly closing the outlet nozzles. To use water, a submersible pump is used.

Under the collector, and use pipes of large cross-section - reinforced concrete or plastic with the supply of all pipelines to them. On the construction market, you can also purchase a ready-made container for underground use. There are multi-chamber tanks, where rain and thawed waters are cleaned in the same way as in septic tanks.

How to install a rain shower

Livnevku mounted on the same technology as the conventional sewer system. In any case, the device of the storm sewage system is preceded by calculation, selection of the necessary materials. Before getting into the pipes, rainwater gathers on the roof of the house, so it is logical that the construction of the drainage system starts from the top of the building.

On the roof, mark the upper and lower points, between which draw a fishing line. On this track will be installed gutters taking into account the slope. The direction of their laying depends on the location of the pipes for the drain. To fix gutters and pipes install brackets, fixing them with screws. To get water into the drain, the bottom points need funnels.

Collecting trays and pipes, sealants are applied to the joints. Sometimes on the edges of parts there are factory seals, then during their docking a tight connection is obtained.

Rainwater and meltwater drainage device

The first step is the marking of the pipeline, consisting of channels, receivers, wells. At the location of all elements, pegs are driven in. To see the full picture between the pegs, lay the cord. The second stage is the digging of a trench and small depressions under the rainwater gates. At the bottom arrange a sand pillow.

If there is a threat of root germination in places where the pipeline is laid, the bottom is covered with geotextile. The installation process begins the installation of wells, collectors. Further, smaller elements - rainwater collectors, sand catchers, trays. All this is combined with pipes of the design diameter under the slope chosen from the table or the recommended SNiP. When laying the pipeline, slack is not permissible.

The assembled structure is tested. For each site, water is spilled to check the tightness of the joints. The amount of water poured in and out should be approximately the same. There may be a defect such as sagging, as indicated by a significant difference in the volumes of water at the inlet and outlet.

If the tests do not reveal any problems, the system is covered with a sand-cement layer and soil. Sometimes some parts of storm sewage are combined with a drainage system. In this case, the pipes of the first must be located on top of the second pipeline, but they can approach the same manifold. The combination of storm sewage with ordinary household can not be allowed. This can lead to an overload of the second with all the negative consequences.

Prevention of storm sewer failure

Mounted independently of the storm sewage of a private house or cottage, do not forget that she needs constant care. Preventive measures include cleaning the trays from the debris that has settled in them. If you neglect this procedure, the system will fail. The ideal option is to use the system year round.

Self-regulating cable can heat a large area. The basis of its design is a semiconductor matrix, located between two copper wires. Such a cable will prevent the freezing of any pipes during a period of temperature decrease

In the cold season, thaws occur, during which water enters channels and pipes. After freezing, it turns into ice. To prevent it from appearing on the drains and gutters of the roof, a special design cable is passed - self-adjusting.

Video on the theme of storm sewage

About the purpose, the device and the consequences of which results in the failure of the storm shower, you will learn from the video:

  The process of installing a storm sewer will not seem so complicated after viewing this material:

Despite the fact that storm sewage is a complex engineering system, its creation is possible even for a person who is not burdened with deep knowledge in the construction business. It is necessary to follow all the tips exactly and the storm sewage around the private house will work without fail.