The optimum volume of water heater for the apartment. Flowing water heaters: internal arrangement and operating principle. THERMEX products

It is enough for any modern person to figure out how to choose a water heater for an apartment, to forget forever about interruptions with hot water.

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With the onset of summer, utilities begin to perform a variety of repair work, which can drag on for more than a week. All this time residents apartment buildings forced to sit without hot water. It is clear that you can not call such a life comfortable. Yes, and in winter, cases when high-rise buildings are left without hot water supply are frequent because of accidents and breaks in heating mains.

Boiler in the bathroom

People who are not satisfied with the periodic lack of hot water at their home, are now acquiring special settings. They are called water heaters or boilers. These devices provide townspeople and private owners with hot water all year round. The affordable cost of such equipment and the relative simplicity of its installation make water heaters very popular.

The problem for potential users of boilers is one. It consists in the fact that in the market today there is a huge assortment of such equipment, and many do not know how to choose a water heater for an apartment among the many presented models.

You can purchase a gas or electric boiler, as well as an indirect heating installation.

For a private house, in addition, it is easy to buy special or units that operate on liquid fuels. But we will not talk about them in this article. We are only interested in the equipment that is mounted in the apartments of high-rise buildings.

Gas and electric water heaters are divided into two types. They are accumulative and flowing. You can also find a combined flow-accumulating electric boiler. To determine which heater is right for you, you need to understand the main differences between different types and the criteria for choosing the ideal unit. This and do.

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Water heaters that operate on gas are made in the form of a metal casing in which a burner and a set of automation are installed to ensure safe and efficient operation of the equipment. The fuel starts to flow into the burner immediately after the heater is turned on. Its starting (ignition) is done manually or automatically.

The gas boiler is equipped with a metal coaxial hose for removing smoke (such models are usually bought for a private house). In residential high-rise buildings such a channel is not needed. In them combustion products are diverted through a common house chimney. Water heaters with a hose have a closed chamber. And those that are connected to a common chimney are equipped with open chambers.

Gas boiler in the apartment

Pick right gas heater for the house is not difficult. If you spend a lot of water, it is recommended to buy a storage device. It has a separate tank, in which the water gradually heats up. Individuals and small families should better install flowing equipment in apartments. In it, water is heated while passing through the boiler.

Just note that you need to take into account the power gas equipment. The higher it is, the more efficiently the water heater will work. At the same time, even very powerful gas installations are characterized by fairly compact parameters.

The disadvantage of boilers operating on gas, consider their high cost. Electric heaters from this point of view at times better than gas. In addition, electrical equipment can be installed in a dwelling where there is no gas. For these reasons it is the electric boilers that are currently in demand.

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The flow-through boiler heats the water immediately after it is turned on. It is characterized by excellent performance. Such a device heats water in unlimited volumes to a temperature of about + 60 °. The essence of his work is simple. Cold water is supplied to the boiler where there is a heating element (usually made of copper) having a high power - from 3-4 to 20-24 kW. At the outlet, we get hot water.

It's simple. But if you decide to install a flow-through boiler at home, you should immediately replace the electricity meter and wiring. The load on them will be high, the old equipment can simply not withstand such power. Also it is necessary to take care of connecting a good protective device.

Flowing electric water heater

A flow-through heater is installed, as a rule, for a single point of draw-off. It is installed on the kitchen faucet, where you wash the dishes, or in the bathroom for showering. If there is a desire to connect many points of water to one device, it is necessary to purchase the unit with the maximum capacity (16-24 kW). A less powerful appliance will not be able to heat water for several cranes to a comfortable temperature.

For a house or apartment with single-phase sockets (220 V), it is better to purchase a modest heating unit. Take a boiler with a capacity not exceeding 8 kW. If the dwelling is equipped with sockets for 380-volt voltage (houses with electric stoves), it is possible to install heaters of higher power.

As you can see, it is quite easy to choose the right water heating device correctly. It is important only to take into account the technical potential of electrical wiring in the apartment and determine the amount of hot water that you plan to consume.

And one moment. Electroboilers differ in installation technology. They are:

Non-pressure. Such units are mounted next to a point of draw-off.
Pressure head. These devices are installed directly into the riser pipe.

In apartments, it is better to mount pressure units, and for a private house, non-pressure springs are more suitable.

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In apartments with autonomous heating and in private houses where there is no central water supply, flow-through appliances are not economically economically profitable because of the high energy consumption. In such homes is better. It is supplied with a reservoir with a volume of 10-500 liters. Such a water heater is mounted on the wall or on the floor. It guarantees a constant supply of hot water, the amount of which is determined by the needs of the tenants.

Accumulating boiler in the bathroom

Thermally insulated container (oblong or round form), which has a storage tank, has a heating element. The latter heats the water to 35-85 ° C and constantly maintains the liquid at a given temperature level. You can open the tap at any time and get hot water. The set temperature of the liquid is maintained automatically.

This principle of operation of the unit guarantees a small amount of electricity. It is also important that accumulator water heater any model is connected to a 220-volt outlet. The capacity of the storage water heater is no more than 3 kW. An important advantage of such boilers is the possibility of supplying hot water to all apartment points of water distribution.

Tips for choosing a storage device:

Calculate the water consumption (approximate) per person per day. Multiply this by the number of permanent residents and get the volume of the tank that the boiler should have.
Take into account the free space in the room where the water heater will be installed. Buy a device that will fit in the room without problems, will not interfere with tenants and at the same time it will fit well into the interior.
Do not take an over-sized boiler. There is no point in spending money on heating water that you will not use.

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An interesting alternative to storage and flow units are water heaters indirect heating. They are universal devices that are capable of heating water due to heating (water) pipes.

Boiler indirect heating

Advantages of such installations are the following:

low weight (maximum 5-6 kg with a tank of 10-30 liters);
compact size;
operation in two modes (direct heating and accumulation of a small amount of hot water).

The disadvantage of indirect boilers is the complexity of their selection and installation. Without the help of a specialist, you can not purchase such an assembly. All calculations for the installation of a water heater and its cooperation in the existing heating system must be prepared by an engineer. Otherwise, the boiler (and the heating system itself) will not function effectively.

Boilers in modern apartments and houses began to be used as the main source for obtaining hot water where there is no central hot water supply, and as a backup one where centralized hot water supply periodically causes problems. The main niche in solving this problem is occupied by storage electric water heaters.

WATER HEATER - How to choose the right one

When buying a water heater, the first question arises: what volume of boiler should be purchased, so that hot water is always enough? If hot water is used only for washing dishes, then a tank of 10-15 liters will be enough. But in most cases there is a need to use hot water for taking a shower, and many want to take a bath.

The volume of baths in our apartments is approximately 165 - 185 liters. But considering that pouring water into the tub, we dilute it, then to fill the tub it is enough to have a tank of 100-120 liters of water, which can be heated to 80 degrees Celsius. Therefore, a capacity of 100 liters can be advised to a family of 3 or more people to fully provide hot water.

General information

Virtually all water heaters of the boiler type are a storage tank, in the lower part of which is located a heating element - Heating elements. To prevent heat loss, the tank is protected from the outside by a heat-insulating layer of polyurethane foam and a decorative casing. All water heaters are equipped with a thermostat to control the water temperature, as well as valves to relieve excess pressure. Boilers are connected to the existing cold water supply system and operate under pressure.

Modern advanced brands of water heaters are electronically controlled, have one or two thermocouples, are equipped with antibacterial protection. The internal surface of the boiler tank can be covered with high-quality enamel, thin layer of titanium, a layer of stainless steel or glass ceramics.

To prevent premature corrosion, all modern water heaters are equipped with a magnesium anode. All boilers are equipped with thermometers different designs. have two types of fastening to the walls - vertical and horizontal.

The principle of the water heater is as follows: The boiler is connected to the mixer, while the hot water is being analyzed, the temperature in the boiler decreases and the heater is switched on. After heating the water in the tank to the set temperature, the thermostat turns off the heater, and the thermal insulation prevents the cooling of the water.

Power

Storage water heaters using electricity to heat water, in the design have one or two TENA of different power:

With a tank volume of up to 15 liters - 1 heating element with a power of 1 kW
At a volume of 30-50l - 1 heating element with a power of 1.5 kW
At a volume of 80-100 liters and more - 1 heating element with a power of 2 kW or 2.5 kW

The heater in the classical version is made in the form of a copper tube, bent in different boilers differently, inside the tube there is a nichrome thread along which the current flows. This is the so-called "wet" TEN. The water in this case heats up, in contact with the copper tube.

In the process of operation, scale is formed due to the hardness of the water on the surface of the thermocouple and on the inner surface of the tank. Therefore, in order to avoid premature failure of the heating element, periodically once a year, it is necessary to clean both the inner surface of the tank and TEN.

In the past few years, water heaters with so-called "dry" heating elements have appeared on the market. This is a heater, enclosed in a protective tube - a flask, and not directly in contact with water. Heating in this case occurs by contacting the surface of the tube with water. It is worth saying that this scheme is more durable and safer, but at the same time more expensive.

In modern expensive models of firms Ariston, Gorenje two heating elements are installed, usually with a capacity of 2.5 kW and 1 kW, which allows heating the water much faster if there is an urgent need for hot water. After this, one heating element is turned off, according to the program programmed.

Scope

Water tank capacity – one of the main parameters that must be correctly calculated when buying. All the leading companies that produce water heaters produce boilers with tank volumes, in a fairly wide range - from 10l to 200l. Therefore, to purchase a water heater with a tank of the required volume is a simple task.

The only thing is to determine the place of installation of the water heater so that it fits well into the interior. Thus it is necessary to choose the capacity of the tank as much as possible to always have a reserve of hot water.

Ariston is represented by water heaters of the following volumes - 30, 50, 80, 100 liters;
Company Gorenje - 10, 15, 30, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, 200 liters.
Company Electrolux - 30, 50, 80, 100, 150, 200 liters;
Atlantic Company - 10, 15, 30, 50, 75, 80, 100, 200, 300 liters.

Mounting type

All storage water heaters of different firms have the form of a cylinder, i.e. are of the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. Virtually all of them are mounted on the wall both vertically and horizontally. In this case, the boilers are equipped with special mounting brackets – two or three. These brackets cling to dowels or studs, which are fixed in the wall.

If the wall to which the boiler is attached is internal (not load-bearing), then it is better to install a through pin for greater reliability, since the weight of the boiler is 20-26 kg plus the weight of water is 100 kg.

Control

All water heaters, even the cheapest, are equipped with temperature controllers, thermostats for automatic switching on and off of the heating element.

And expensive devices are equipped with modern electronic control based on a powerful processor that allows not only to maintain the required temperature, but also to disinfect water, remember the individual graph of the user of hot water, if necessary, include two heaters for rapid heating. All indicators are displayed on the touch screen, by touching which you can make changes to the program.

A vivid example of such a technique is a water heater AristonAbsVELISINOXPW.Companies such as Gorenje, Electrolux, Bosch also produce samples with electronic control.

Which storage water heater is best for an apartment / house?

Storage water heaters are installed in both urban apartments and private houses. Moreover, permission to install and connect this device is not required. Therefore, there is not much difference between the installation of a water heater in a house or apartment. The only condition, the need for good electrical wiring and cold water supply.

For an apartment, the boiler's overall dimensions are more important because the bathroom and kitchen are mostly small in size. Therefore, the boiler for the apartment is selected in the volume of 80-100 liters. In a private house, it is possible, if possible, to install a boiler of any volume, at least 200 liters, while always being hot water.

Cons and Pros of Trademarks

At the household appliances market, storage water heaters of all the world's leading manufacturers are widely represented. Very high-quality equipment produced by such firms as Ariston,Gorenje,Electrolux,Bosch.

Firm Aristonproduces water heaters with boilers that have volumes from 30 to 100 liters, the internal surface of which is covered with both enamel and specially designed AG + enamel, which has finely dispersed impregnations of silver, also coated with titanium and stainless steel. The strength of the firm Ariston is application in its models of electronic control with indication and touch screen on the front wall of the boiler. Minus - lack of fasteners.

Firm Electroluxproduces first-class storage water heaters with a very high quality internal coating. To pluses it is possible to carry modern design, convenient management and durability. Minus - high cost, fragility of electric heaters.

Firm Gorenje (Serbia, Slovenia) supplies the market with storage water heaters with enamel inner coating and a coating of stainless steel, which allows them to serve faith and truth to their owner up to 5-7 years or more. Also, the use of a "dry" TEN significantly extends the service life in comparison with a "wet" TEN. The advantages include a flexible pricing policy, which reduces the price of boilers by about 10% compared to analogues of other European firms.

Price list

The price of a storage water heater depends on the volume of the boiler, the type of coating of the internal surface of the boiler, the availability of electronic control, and the availability of a dry TEN. Price of the firm's devices Ariston is in the range from $ 80 for a 30-liter boiler to $ 300 for AristonAbsVELISINOXPW100with stainless steel cover, electronic control, flat tank.

Price policy of the firm Gorenjeas well as Ariston,is within the same limits. GorenjeEWH50 You can buy for $ 130, and GorenjeGBF100,having 2 heaters in a "dry" version, will cost $ 260.

Models produced by firms Electrolux andBocsh, have prices slightly higher - they have a budget line virtually absent.

When you do not want to sit without hot water, the ideal option is a storage water heater. There are at least 4 reasons for this:

low power consumption (from 0,5 to 6 kW) - the electric power consumption (if you chose the electric model) in comparison with the "protractors" is several times smaller, and, consequently, the payment for electricity will not drive you into depression;

connection to a standard outlet - you do not need to make a separate line (lay the cable) specifically for your water heater;

possibility of servicing 2-3 water intake points at once, even with a large water consumption - in the morning all members of the family will be able to simultaneously shower, wash dishes, etc., without problems.

always available double water reserve - Suppose you have a tank of 150 liters. Diluting it cold, you will get 300 liters of warm.

However, the cumulative models also differ in different parameters, from the type of energy to the location options. Do you know which one is right for you?

Gas storage water heaters: the device and the principle of operation

How is the gas storage water heater

Despite the fact that such water heaters work on the cheapest fuel, they are not very common in our country, and, incidentally, in vain. Let's look more closely in their design.

They represent a thermally insulated tank with a pipe inside. On it from atmospheric burner the combustion products of the gas move by heating the water around the pipe. Inside also there is magnesium anode, which reduces the risk of corrosion of the tank, thereby prolonging its service life, and exhaust hood - does not allow products of burning to get back into the room. Do not forget about unit management system, as well as on automatic protection system, which immediately stops the supply of gas in the event of any malfunction or error. Thermostat - maintains the user-set liquid temperature.

How does a gas storage water heater work? Everything is extremely simple: when you open a tap with hot water, you are served with a liquid that has been heated in advance. In its place in the bottom of the tank immediately fed cold water. The thermostat located there fixes the temperature drop and gives a signal to the burner that it is necessary to turn on and heat the water.

Advantages of gas storage water heaters

The operation of the storage gas mode does not depend on water pressure in the aqueduct and gas pressure in the gas pipeline. It will work even at minimal values, which can not but please residents of the last floors in high-rise buildings, whose water pressure often leaves much to be desired.
High reliability - As can be seen, the design is very simple (the burner is activated from the thermostat signals). There are no additional coolants and complicating elements, which means that the risk of breakage is low.
Resistance to the formation of scale - this is their advantage over running models, which fail most often for this reason.
Rapid heating of water - Yes, yes, gas storage models heat water several times faster than their electrical counterparts. For comparison: the gas model will heat 150 liters of water per hour, and the electrical analogue - for 3-4 hours.

Disadvantages of gas storage water heaters

High price - this is the first thing buyers pay attention to. But believe me - it is more than offset by the low price of gas.
Installation difficulties - for these devices, a special chimney will be required to drain the gas combustion products. In addition, as with any gas appliance, you will need to conduct a large number of approvals and get permission to install it.

What are the gas storage devices?

Their main division is the type of traction, that is, the device of the chimney.

Models with forced draft - these are the easiest to install, since they can be connected to an ordinary short chimney, which is laid through a wall and removes gases directly to the street. Such devices do not need additional air supply to maintain combustion. However, the cost of such an order of magnitude higher than with the natural.
Models with natural draft - they are connected to a bulky chimney, which is exactly where the installation difficulties arise. But it is worth remembering that they are much cheaper than devices with forced draft.

How are electrical storage water heaters

Storage water heater device

This type of water heater consists of the following elements: tank with thermal insulation, a magnesium anode, a thermostat, a heating element (heating element), a safety valve (to remove excess water from the system), and a control system.

The principle of their operation is identical to gas, except that the heating of water is carried out with the help of TEN, and not the burner.

You can learn more about the selection of the storage water heater from this video:

How to calculatethe required volume of the storage water heater

Surely it is not a secret for you that the volume of water heater you need depends on the number of people who will use it, as well as on the goals for which you acquire it. Of course, for the correct calculation it is necessary to take into account all the factors!

So, all possible options are shown in the picture. Choose the one that suits you:

How to determine the volume of a boiler

For 1 day one person spends 10 liters of water and this is the minimum value! For a comfortable life it will take 50 liters. That is, if you live in splendid solitude, then a boiler for 50 liters is enough for washing your dishes, hands, showering and doing business.
For 2 people already 50 liters of water per day - this is the minimum, but optimally you need 80 liters.
For a young family with a small child, the "living wage" will be 80 liters, and a comfortable one - 100 liters or more. This is enough with a vengeance on all hygienic procedures, household, as well as cooking, etc.
If your family consists of 4 people - 2 adults and 2 children, the consumption of course increases. Its minimum value is already 100 liters, and maximum - 120 liters. So you can easily bathe two children, wash yourself, wash your hands and dishes, and prepare food.
For a large family of 5 people (2 adults, 3 children), an optimum boiler will be 150 liters (minimum 120 liters).

What is the internal coating of the tank?

It protects the steel tank of the unit from early corrosion, and, therefore, from premature boiler failure. To date, several types of coating material are distinguished, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages.

Glass Porcelain or enamel - storage water heaters with such coating differ affordable price and perfectly cope with their task - protection against rust. However, they have one significant minus, which calls into question the choice of such models. These materials very sensitive to sudden temperature changes and quickly destroyed. And you yourself understand that such swings in the water heater are simply unavoidable. There is a little secret for prolonging their working capacity: do not put the heating temperature above 60 ° C. However, you still have to periodically set the maximum temperature of hot water to destroy the bacteria that very quickly breed inside the tank with water. It is these periodic boiling and will cause the tank to fail. Conclusion - such boilers are good, but do not expect them long service. In most cases guarantee manufacturer on them - total 1 year.
Titanium coating - this material is much stronger than the previous ones. The guarantee for it already is not 1 year, but 7-10 years old!! Agree, there is a significant difference. disadvantagesThe Achilles' heel of such aggregates is welded seams. Welding initially destroys this coating and after 7-10 years the seams will be rusted and allowed to flow. Well, of course, a fairly high price, which is an order of magnitude higher than other options.
Stainless steel – optimal material for the storage tank water tank. An additional protection against corrosion is provided by the magnesium anode, which is sufficient to change once a year.

The biggest guarantee is given on the tank of the water heater (from 1 to 10 years - depending on the material). On internal electrical nodes it is much less - 1-2 years, depending on the company. Be sure to check out this information before purchasing!

The form and method of placing the storage water heater

The main separation of storage devices is horizontal and vertical. It is best to choose the latter, since they are the most reliable and easy to install. Horizontal gain, if vertical is nowhere to place.

In the place of installation, floor (more often installed in private homes) and wall-mounted (mounted in apartments).

Built-in water heaters - a trend in recent years. They will be your salvation, if you want to hide this equipment from outside eyes, so as not to disturb the aesthetics of the interior.

There are flat, round and square water heaters. Many prefer flat, as they slightly protrude above the surface, where they are mounted and occupy less space. However, the leader of sales are round - as studies have shown, such water heaters best retain the heat of heated water.

How to determine the capacity of the storage water heater

It's no secret that it directly depends on the volume of the tank, but affects the heating time. In order for you to represent what is at stake, give you an example: an electric model of 150 liters and a capacity of 2.5-3 kW will heat the entire volume of water to 65 ° C for 3-4 hours! As we have already said, a gas water heater will do the same job 3 times faster.

Many manufacturers equip their models not with 1, but with 2 TENs. This is very convenient, since it allows you to operate the device in an economical mode (when one heater is on). In addition, if you break one of the elements, you will have one worker left.

You can choose a device more powerful, so that the water is heated faster, but then it will significantly increase the power consumption.

In the article, we examined the most important nuances selection of the storage water heater. Therefore, when you come to the store to buy, you will be fully armed and exactly buy the model you want.

Electric storage water heater.

Electric Boilers Are storage water heaters, as a heating element in which a tubular electric heating element (TET) is used. They are designed to produce hot water used for domestic needs (that is, they will be discussed) in the period of switching off centralized hot water supply in urban apartments or autonomous heating of water in country houses and buildings that do not have centralized hot water supply. In this article, let's look at the basic structure of these water heaters and how to choose electric boilers.

This type of apparatus is very popular with consumers. On the pages of the site various household hot-water devices, both flowing and storage, were considered. This and gas columns, gas storage water heaters , water heaters indirect heating (including combined ones), as well as electric flow water heaters. Each of these types of water heater is good in its own way and finds its consumer. But today we will talk about electric storage water heaters.

What is electric boiler. By and large, this is a thermos, consisting of an internal (storage) tank and an outer casing. Between them is a layer of heat-insulating material, to reduce heat loss. In the inner tank, where exactly the water is heated, a heating element is placed. The appliance heats the water to the temperature set by the user, and then maintains it in automatic mode (provided that it is connected to electrical network). In the disconnected state, it retains the heat of the hot water due to the thermal insulation layer.

By the method of connection to the water supply, electric storage water heaters distributed as pressure (closed type) and non-pressure (open type).

Non-pressure storage water heaters - these are devices that are connected to a water pipe, but the water inside the storage tank is not under pressure, since it (the tank) has a direct communication with the environment through a discharge spout with a spout that does not have a stop valve (tap or valve). Due to the fact that open water-type boilers do not have to test the water pressure under which it is in the water supply system, their storage capacity is made from cheaper materials (mainly from durable plastics).

The intake of hot water occurs due to the "displacement" of it from storage tank cold water, coming from the water pipe when opening the valve (valve) on the inlet pipe of the water heater. To work with such water-heating appliances, special mixers are used. They, instead of the usual two points of connection (cold tap water and hot water from the heater), have three chutes. One - for connection to water supply and intake cold water in the mixer. The second is for connection to the water heater and for the supply of cold water through the mixer into the appliance. The third is to connect the storage capacity of the water heater with a mixer tap and supply hot water to the consumer.

A separate type of non-pressure electric storage water heaters can be considered "Liquid" devices. This is the simplest equipment for heating water is a tank equipped with a spout (for sampling hot water "gravity") and a heating element inside. These water-heaters are installed directly above the sink (sink) and are capable of providing one hot-water point with hot water. On the control panel there is a water heating control knob, a power button and LED indicators (depending on the model). Such devices may have a branch pipe with stop valves (crane) for connection to the water supply, for the possibility of filling the tank with tap water.

Pressure storage water heaters - these are devices connected to the water supply system and the water in the storage tank is under pressure equal to the pressure in the water supply network. Therefore, their internal tanks are made of steel. Due to the internal pressure they are able to provide hot water several points of water (washbasin + kitchen sink + shower or bath) at the same time.

Diagram of an electric boiler. Diagram of a pressureless electric water heater. Electric storage electric heater without pressure. Non-pressure electric storage (liquid) water heater.
Non-pressure electric storage water heater. Non-pressure storage electric water heater. Mixer for non-pressure water heaters. Mixer for non-pressure water heater.
Pressure rectangular electric boiler. Pressure cylindrical electric boiler.

To make a storage tank, steel is used, which is then covered with a layer of enamel (or other anti-corrosion coating) to prevent corrosion. For cheaper models, the inner surface of the tank may have an enamel coating or a coating of glass porphyry. It is all good, but is afraid of mechanical damage (chips, scratches, etc.). Also, a negative effect on it is caused by an increase in the water heating temperature to the maximum values, as a result of which microcracks may appear on the surface of the coating. And in general, when the device is operated in a "gentle mode" (heating water to 60 ° C, such a coating will serve the term for its operation.

Water heaters, occupying a higher level in the "table of ranks", are produced with a tank of stainless steel or steel with titanium sputtering. But, as they say: "and the old woman is proruha." Such capacities also have weak points - this is weld. Nevertheless, the manufacturer gives a longer warranty period for such apparatuses than for devices with enamel or glass-porcelain coating.

Since the main material for the production of the storage tank is steel, the thickness of the walls of the tank can be judged by the total weight of the water heater. As you know - the thicker the wall, the longer it resists corrosion.

Better (and, naturally, more expensive) appliances are about 15% heavier than cheap devices and having a storage tank with thin walls.

Therefore, do not be too lazy to compare the weight of the equipment you choose (the same in volume).

To increase the corrosion resistance of the internal surface of the tank, as well as all parts that are in direct contact with water, a magnesium anode is installed in the storage tank, which, in the process of wear, needs to be changed to the lines set by the manufacturer. This will help to minimize the formation of scale on the surface of the heating element and the inner walls of the container, thereby increasing the service life. Some models can be equipped with anti-corrosion devices with external connection to the electrical network (titanium anode). These elements do not need to be replaced.

It is an honor that the larger (heavier) the magnesium anode, the longer it serves and less frequently needs replacing.

To provide itself with sufficient amount of hot water, a water heater of a certain volume and capacity is needed. In this, in fact, is the choice of equipment. How to determine the optimum volume of the boiler, depending on the use of hot water, was mentioned in the articles on storage water heaters (formulas for calculating the volume of the inner tank are the same for all storage water heaters).

Let me remind you that boilers up to 100 l, inclusive, are made in a hinged (wall) version. Water heaters having a volume of more than 100 liters are usually mounted on the floor.

Electric storage water heaters, in most cases, have the form of a cylinder (or a form close to it) or a rectangular parallelepiped (with sides in the form of a rectangle). "Rectangular" boilers, in most cases, are equipped with several (most often two), connected to each other by storage tanks. They, too, can be "more" or "less" voluminous. "Less voluminous", so called - flat water heaters.

By the way the storage capacity is arranged, the boilers can be vertical and horizontal, which allows selecting the apparatus most suitable for the room in which it will be mounted.

Pressure cylindrical electric boiler. Pressure rectangular electric boiler. Horizontal electric boiler.

A few words about heating elements (TENh), which are installed in electric storage water heaters. They can be ordinary "Wet" (have direct contact with heated water) and "Dry"(enclosed in a watertight shell).

Wet TEN looks like an ordinary reboiler and consists of a spiral placed in a tube of various configurations, made of copper or stainless steel and filled with insulating material (quartz sand). On the opposite ends of the tube there are terminals on which voltage is applied.

Dry TEN, unlike the traditional heating element, does not come into contact with the surrounding liquid, and its spiral is placed in a sealed housing (resembling a flask) made of metal or ceramics. The advantage of the "dry" heating element is that, without contact with water, it is not susceptible to scale formation (this improves its heat transfer and extends the service life), and also reduces the risk of injury electric shock, in the event of failure or closure of the heating element (is in a sealed housing). Thanks constructive features "Dry" TEN, it is possible to install them in several pieces (2 - 6 pcs.) In a single water heater (for example, models Electrolux and etc.).

TEN. "Dry TEN".

As for power, you need to be guided by the possibilities of home electrical wiring. In houses of old construction, electrical wiring is designed for a voltage of 3 - 5 kW. Newer buildings, as well as houses in whose apartments electric stoves are provided, can withstand loads of up to 10 kW or more. The capacity of the accumulating electric water heating spouts can be from 0,9 kW to 6,0 kW. But, on average, the power of the heating element is about 2.0 - 2.5 kW. This allows you to install these devices in virtually any apartment or house. For waterheaters, whose power exceeds the permissible parameters of your electrical wiring, you need to equip a separate branch. Moreover, it is not enough to replace the wires inside the apartment, it is necessary to replace them from switchboard, and if required, then from the power line to the end point (the place of connection to the equipment, ie: sockets, connectors, etc.).

How to choose the equipment with the optimal power? Let us consider this problem using the example of a water heater equipped with a single heater. Here you need to know that a heating element with a power of less than 2.0 kW will heat the water longer, and a heater with a power of more than 2.0 kW will create an additional load on the in-apartment wiring. Another thing to consider is the length of the heating element itself. The smaller the length of its tube, the smaller the heat transfer area and the higher its surface temperature. And this will lead to a faster formation of scale and a reduction in the life of the element.

Hence the conclusion: the optimum power of the heating element for a boiler with one heater is 2.0 kW. The total length of the heating element is difficult to recommend, but try to choose it with the longest tube.

When choosing electric water heaters, pay attention to degree of protection. This indicator is indicated by IP letters (the designation of the International Protection Class) and two digits (for example, IP 24 or IP 25, etc.), where the first digit is the designation of the degree of protection against foreign objects (objects, particles or dust) The second one indicates the class of protection against penetration of moisture.

Protection against foreign objects:
1 - Protection from objects\u003e 50 mm, having a large contact area (palm of the hand, etc.).
2 - protection from objects\u003e 12 mm having an average contact area (finger of the hand or a solid object of a similar size, etc.).
3 - protection from objects\u003e 2.5 mm, having a small contact area.
4 - protection against objects ≥ 1.0 mm.
5 - partial protection against dust ingress (the device is dust-proof and, if the dust gets, does not lead to a malfunction of the equipment).
6 - complete protection against dust ingress (dustproof device).

Protection against moisture:
0 - the device is not protected from moisture.
1 - The device is protected from vertically falling drops of water.
2 - The equipment is protected against water droplets, which fall on it at an angle ≤ 15 ° relative to the vertical plane.
3 - the device is protected against drops of water falling at an angle ≤ 60 ° relative to the vertical plane (rain, etc.).
4 - the device is protected from drops of water and water spray, falling on it from any angle and from either side.
5 - The water heater has protection against water jets that fall on it from any direction and at any angle.
6 - The equipment is protected from strong water jets that fall on the body of the device from any angle and from either side.

Since the work of an electric (as well as any other) boiler is not only to heat the water to the required temperature, but also to keep it in this state for a certain time, when selecting equipment, attention should be paid to the quality of the thermal insulation layer. By quality is meant the material from which the thermal insulation and its thickness are made. The most common materials for making thermal insulation are foam rubber and foamed polyurethane.

The best quality is considered a thermal insulation made of rigid foamed polyurethane.

A qualitative storage water heater should have a layer of thermal insulation with a thickness of at least 35 mm, and preferably 50 mm.

This improves the operational data of the device - the water in the boiler heats up faster and cools down more slowly (direct energy saving). It is possible to judge the thickness of the heat-insulating layer of identical in volume and shape devices (regardless of the manufacturer) by their external dimensions. Increased insulation layer will inevitably lead to an increase in overall dimensions.

In order to find out to what temperature it is possible to heat the water you have selected with the water heater, with the minimum energy consumption, use the formula:

T ° = L × 1.2 + t ° n,

Where,

T ° - optimum temperature of water heating. L - the thickness of the layer of thermal insulation (from the passport data of the apparatus). t° n - the average air temperature in the room in which the water heater is installed.

For example: the thickness of the thermal insulation layer, in the device you selected is 40 mm. Average air temperature in the room where equipment will be installed 20 ° C. Thus, by performing necessary calculations, we obtain:

T ° = 40 × 1.2 + 20 = 68 °C.

This means that optimally your machine will be able to heat water up to 68 ° C, using at the same time a minimum of electricity.

To control the process of water heating and visual control over the operation of the water heater, a control panel is used, on which all the necessary control devices and control knobs are located. As a rule, this is a button for turning the machine on and off, the knob for controlling the thermostat (adjusting the water heating temperature), the indicator for turning on the device and the scale indicator of the water temperature in the boiler (thermometer, not in all models). In units equipped with several heating elements, on the instrument panel there are buttons for controlling the capacity of the water heater (separate or joint inclusion of heaters). More expensive water heaters can be equipped with LCD displays or touch control panels and other additional functions that allow you to control the operation of equipment with greater comfort.

Summarize. How to choose electric boilers? What you need to know in order to make the right choice.

1. Correctly determine the required volume of the storage tank of the water heater.

2. Select the apparatus (heating element) of optimum power.

3. Know what is made of, and what anti-corrosion coating has an internal tank, the device you have chosen.

4. Determine the material and thickness of the thermal insulation layer.

Using these non-complex rules, you can choose the equipment that best meets your requirements and financial capabilities.

Here, perhaps, and all that I wanted to tell you about what is electric boilers and how to choose such equipment.

All the best to you and see you on the pages of the site.

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Interesting

To date, flow-through models of water heaters have been used by consumers in great demand. This is primarily due to their compactness. At the same time, they are not inferior to memory types in performance. It should also be taken into account that the flow rate of the flow-through modifications is very low. There are quite a few manufacturers on the market.

Recently, the range of flowing water heaters has been greatly expanded. They differ in their characteristics and management. You should also take into account a fairly serious variation in the price of the product. In order to understand how to choose a flow-through water heater for an apartment, you should learn more about the main parameters of the devices in more detail. In addition, you should know the main nodes of the model.

How is the water heater arranged?

In the lower part of the device there are inlet and outlet nozzles. They may differ in their diameter. Above the pipes are filters. Further, a special anode is placed over which the heating element is directly located. Under the thermostat there is a special gasket. The mounting plate in the device is mounted above the control unit.

The hot water is drained through the heat exchanger. The heating element probe is located near the flow sensor. In addition, the water heater includes a housing, a power supply with a switch and thermal insulation sheets.

Important Device Settings

First of all, the capacity of the device is taken into account in flowing water heaters. In addition, the documentation specifies a parameter such as performance. Power supplies, in turn, have their characteristics. In this case it is important to note the limiting voltage and frequency of the instantaneous water heater. Pressure sensors in the device withstand different.

If we consider two-valve modifications, then the aforementioned parameter fluctuates around 3 bar on the average. The protection system is most commonly installed in the IP30 class. The buyer says that the power supply unit is protected, and the model will not have problems with overheating. Another interesting indicator is considered to be the maximum temperature. Last but not least, the dimensions of the device should be noted.

How to decide on the purchase?

In order to understand how to choose the right water heater for an apartment, it is necessary to estimate the load that will be provided to the device. If the apartment is inhabited by no more than three people, then the maximum capacity of the model should be approximately 12 kW. All this will allow the performance parameter to be kept at the level of 3 liters per minute.

The maximum temperature should be at least 50 degrees. Also the choice of a flow-through water heater for an apartment should be based on the parameters of the power unit. In the device, it is most often installed at 220 V, and its frequency can be in the region of 20-30 Hz. If the house has certain problems with voltage surges, it is better to select a model at 30 Hz. The protection system should be marked with the PI 30. Probes are better to choose an anticorrosion type, because they can last for a long time. Heating elements are most commonly installed in a shielded type. However, in recent years, manufacturers have also begun to produce steatite analogs. In this case, the preference for any modification is difficult to give.

If you choose a budget option, it is better to stay on the shielded heating element. In order for the master to connect the device to the water supply system without problems, the inlet and outlet branch pipes must be 2.3 cm in diameter. A good running water heater around 5 thousand rubles will work.

Feedback on models "Electrolux"

Water heaters (electric) for the apartment represented by the trademark are characterized by rather high-quality protection systems. According to the buyers, the models are not subject to overheating.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that their productivity is on an average of 3 liters per minute. Thus, for large families, the models of the presented company are suitable, this is confirmed by users.

However, there are also more modest flow-through water heaters on the market. Their maximum power is 5 kW. In size they are very compact. As for the design, many people note that everything is beautiful here, the lines are smooth. A good flowing water heater will cost the buyer around 5 thousand rubles.

Advantages of the model "Electrolux 20T"

This running water heater for the apartment reviews is good. Many buyers choose it because of high performance at 4 liters per minute. This model is suitable for a family of five. The heat transfer zone of "Electrolux 20T" is very extensive. If we talk about the power supply, then it can withstand a maximum voltage of 230 V.

Thus, if there are certain overloads in the electrical wiring in the house, this device can withstand them. There are only two modes of operation. If you believe the customers, then the electricity consumption in this case is 3 watts per hour. Many say it is economy. The hot water outlet has a diameter of 2.5 cm. The thermal insulation of the device is 2.1 mm thick. It is worth a present running water heater for the apartment "Electrolux" on the market about 4500 rubles.

This instantaneous water heater for the apartment is unique, and its capacity is as much as 12 kW. The heating element is steatite. Thanks to this, the device's performance reaches as much as 4 liters per minute of use. Control of a flowing water heater is provided with a push-button type. There are three modes in total. Maximum user can set the temperature at 50 degrees.

The power supply is installed quite high quality, and the accelerations are absolutely not afraid. In this case, the parameter of its operating frequency is at the level of 25 Hz. Thermal switch at the unit is available. The zone of heat exchange is quite extensive, and the thickness of its thermal insulation is equal to 1.5 mm. Under the thermostat, the protective gasket is provided by the manufacturer. Separately, it should also be noted the reduced noise of this model. In many respects this was achieved through the installation of a high-quality casing.

According to the customers, during running, the flowing water heater does not produce any practical sounds. Moreover, vibration is also absent. The installation "Electrolux 35S" is more than simple. The nozzles in the lower part are installed standard, and for the water supply system the houses will fit. Fastening to plastic outlets is permitted. It is worth this running water heater in the store about 5100 rubles.

Water heater "Electrolux 30S"

If you believe the customers, then "Electrolux 30S" is the best running water heater for apartments from budget models. The heating element is of a shielded type. Its length is exactly 7 cm. The mounting plate in this case is located above the control unit. Due to this, the producers managed to significantly expand the heat exchange zone. Also, we should note the rather good performance of the model.

As users say, for a family of four people it fits well. The maximum of the panel can be selected at 50 degrees. The power supply is programmed to switch between two modes. It is a given running water heater for an apartment in the region of 4 thousand rubles.

Opinion of consumers about the devices "Termex"

For many models of the trade mark, the thermostat pads are not installed. As consumers note, this element can quickly wear out, and this should be taken into account. If to speak about advantages, it is important to note the high power of the device. However, the operating frequency parameter does not exceed 25 Hz. Fastening boards in flow-through water heaters are installed the most usual, and they can withstand the average loads.

Thermal switches for the units are present. Also, buyers note quite good quality regulators. In general, the models of this trademark differ in their multifunctionality, and they have quite a number of modes. Due to this, flow-through water heaters can be safely called universal. There will be a good model on the market in the region of 6 thousand rubles.

Features of the water heater "Termix S600"

This flow-accumulator water heater for an apartment by many buyers is valued for its multifunctionality. As stated earlier, the devices of the company represented have a variety of different modes, and this is no exception. Maximum temperature the user is able to select 50 degrees. The nozzles in this instantaneous water heater are provided in a standard size.

However, before buying, it should be borne in mind that to plastic pipes the device is better not to attach. This is due to the fact that the locks are quite rigid. In this case, the wear of the plastic outlets will be inevitable. This was noted by many masters engaged in the installation of such equipment. If we talk about advantages, then a reliable security system deserves attention. It is installed in this case, type IP 30. Sheets of thermal insulation in the device are used with a thickness of exactly 2 mm. The heating unit of the "Termex S600" model is copper. It is a given running water heater for an apartment of about 5800 rubles.

New model "Termex W200"

Many buyers this flowing water heater for an apartment is valued for its compactness. The performance of the device in this case is at the level of 3 liters per minute. All this became possible thanks to the installation of a shielded heating element. The total length of it reaches 7 cm. All fixing elements for mounting the model as standard are included. The diameter of the nozzle outlet is 2.7 cm. The probe has a length of exactly 6 cm in the thermostat.

The control unit in this case is installed in a multi-channel type. In total, the device is designed for six different modes. Thus, the performance of the "Termex W200" will change. When using turbo mode, the power consumption is exactly 3 W per hour of operation. The presented compact flow-through water heaters for an apartment to a buyer in the vicinity of 5700 rubles.

Review of "Termex S350"

If you believe the experts, then this model among other devices is characterized by the presence of a locking tap. Due to this, the limiting pressure of this water heater is flowing for an apartment capable of withstanding at a level of 3 bar. By design it is simple, but the apartment will look great. Weigh the model "Termex S350" exactly 5 kg. Of the features it is necessary to note first of all the qualitative thermal switch. When the system overheats, it helps quite well.

In addition, it is important to mention the quality of the control unit. In total, the device can choose among seven different modes. The "turbo" function is also available, some users consider this a significant advantage. Another user is able to operate the presented running water heater in an economical mode. The nominal performance of the device is at the level of 3 liters per minute. For a large family, this model is suitable. Of the shortcomings can be noted only the high cost of the goods. In the market for him asking for about 6100 rubles.

What do they say about the Vailant model?

Many models of this brand are equipped with manual switches. The filters they use are of the grid type. The outlet valve of the heat exchanger can withstand a pressure of 4 bar. The casing of the heating elements is rather dense. Due to this, their noise level does not exceed 45 dB. The system of protection for running water heaters is available in the IP30 series. Sheets of thermal insulation for models are used at a thickness of at least 2 mm. Under thermostats, the protective gaskets are installed by the manufacturer. If we talk about the shortcomings, then the experts mention a rather complex configuration of models. This is due to the fact that there are quite a lot of functions for the control units.

Probes, as a rule, are mounted precisely anticorrosive. If the water in the house is of poor quality, then this is a big advantage. However, at the price this element is displayed quite significantly. Heating systems are generally installed with a length of at least 7.5 cm. The branch of cold water has a diameter of exactly 2.3 cm. There are no flow sensors for water heaters of the presented trademark. There will be a good model around 5400 rubles.

Water heater "Vailant VED12"

This flow-through water heater for apartment reviews has a positive in general. If you believe the buyers, then the manual switch for this model is of high quality. The control unit in this case is installed in a multi-channel sample. The owner can use the economical mode. The power consumption of "Vailant VED12" is a maximum of 2 W per hour.

The capacity of the presented instantaneous water heater is at the level of 3 liters per minute. The mounting plate for this model is available. According to experts, the water heater "Vailant VED12" can only be mounted on fittings. He has no flow sensors. Also from the shortcomings should be noted a rather small branch pipe of cold water. Due to this, the user may have some problems installing the device on the wall.

The filters are provided by the manufacturer only in the mesh type. They are installed in the flowing water heater under the control unit. The maximum temperature of the owner is able to expose 55 garusov. Probes in this case are used with a special anti-corrosion coating. It is worth the present water heater flowing for an apartment in the area of 5200 rubles.

Model "Vailant VED24"

If you believe the responses of the owners, then the flowing water heater is ideal for a small family.

The probe is fitted with an anti-corrosion type. In turn, the heating element is used shielded, and its length is 7.2 cm. Under the thermostat, the protective gasket is installed. Thermal insulation sheets are used with a thickness of 2 mm. The control unit of the presented model has a multi-channel type.

Due to this, the user is able to select different modes of operation. In this case, the manufacturer has a button-type setting. This flowing water heater costs about 5 thousand rubles.