The scheme of hot water connection from the well. Autonomous water supply of a country house

Unfortunately, in country houses and in some settlements of the private sector, it is not possible to connect the central water supply, or it is not promising. Based on this, the owners begin to think about the alternative, to be more precise, they are laying the water supply of a private house from a well.

Autonomous water supply country housebut it can be done in any conditions, only the depth of the well, which is affected by the purpose and conditions of the soil on the terrain, can differ. Depending on the type, the method and the design can differ.

The scheme of autonomous water supply can be entered into the project with own hand, taking into account the following parameters:

Based on the compiled project, you can make its implementation on the ground.

Important!  Ideally, if the device is performed by a qualified work force, it will be possible to avoid errors, and it is possible to carry out direct input of structures on water independently. Otherwise, you can take advice, how to drill a well with your own hands.

Installation of water from the finished well

Initially, determine which version of the source of water supply is installed on your site, a scheme or project should be provided. If it is quite deep, it will be ideal for using water for domestic purposes. If the depth of the well is relatively small, then such a liquid is suitable for technical purposes. We will talk about laying the pipeline already from the finished structure with clean water.

An important point!  All the slots of the harvested well must be hidden under a layer of mounting foam. The electrical cable entering the borehole must be equipped with an insulating material.

We have a cold pipeline inside the room

Installation of the pipeline falls slightly below the foundation, after which this pipe is connected by means of a coupling with a water pipe of 20 mm diameter. We also use the splitters, which will help distribute the water supply to each point of the water intake. All wiring is done under the floors in the technical room, then perpendicular to the walls is suitable for each consumer.

The pipeline, which is located horizontally, can be safely insulated. It also houses a water meter (counter), and then all connections are sequentially executed. Vertical risers, leaving the pipeline to the heating device, it is not necessary to isolate. Planning a shower installation you will need polypropylene pipes  height of 1.5-2 meters. They need to be made directly from the introductory horizontal pipe using a tee or using a connecting key.

Cut the pipe in the right place, then heat the tee from the riser and the main tube, then fix the structure and let the plastic seize. Similarly, we warm up the second part of the tube and connect it to the riser. After the connection is perfectly fixed in the same way we perform other connections.

Attention!  Connect the last point in the water supply system using a coal fittings to the main pipe. Do not forget to check all the connections for blockage prior to installation.

Hot water connection

To realize the project for hot water, it is necessary to prepare equipment for water supply also on the hands must be a circuit. This can be a gas boiler or boiler. Here you need to think over every little thing, since the water must be supplied to the heater constantly. It is necessary to build a turnkey system, it can be done by a master. This is how the water supply of a private house with its own hands will produce the right amount of water at the required temperature.

How to arrange water heaters, it is necessary to know even while constructing the pipeline and creating a project for it. The arrangement of devices should be convenient, in some cases it is necessary to build separate boiler houses or to place a technical room in the basement. It must necessarily be locked with a key to prevent unhindered access. Getting Started hot water  in the house:

• immediately zakoltsyte water pipe for hot water - in it the water must constantly circulate, and not just cool down;
• now need a scheme, after its development, we begin to select materials for hot water supply;
• for such a system, pipes made of galvanized steel or metal-plastic are used. The second option is very simple and does not require welding;

These are the only important points that need to be considered when implementing a hot water supply. The case for small - choose a heating device and enter it into the project.

Which equipment is better and what properties do you need to know?

Usually guided by two schemes, arranging a private water pipeline a country house. The cumulative and continuous water heater, the properties of each of them we will now find out.

Using flowing equipment to heat water, there may be a problem of lack of fluid at the right temperature. Depending on this it is necessary to choose a heating device with sufficient power. For example, for optimal hot water  in a house where at one time they can use a shower, a bath or hot water in the kitchen, an aggregate with a requirement of 28 kW will be required.

The advantage of this unit is the ability to heat water instantly from the moment when the hot water tap was opened.

As an accumulator, you can use an indirect heating device (boiler), which is connected to the main heating (dual-circuit boiler). Most of the time it is the boiler that heats the water for use and feeding to the water intake site. Installation heating appliances  must be carried out "turnkey" so not knowing the skills, it is better to attract specialists.

Typical errors in the installation of water

Recently, even experienced plumbers make mistakes due to negligent attitude to work, regardless of whether the scheme or project is used, and whether the work is done on a turnkey basis. Therefore, we will discuss these errors in order to avoid them, if the installation of a water pipe is planned by our own hands.

Many urban residents dream of their private home. And if not about a permanent home, then at least temporary - in the form of a dacha, where you can come from time to time and relax from the city bustle. However, such a life, although beautiful, but without the usual comfortable conditions, life in a private house will not seem very attractive, especially for those who used them every day.

The peculiarity of private houses is that most of them do not have running water. As a result, people have to dodge, dig wells and. But the presence of these water sources does not make it possible to easily take a shower, wash dishes from a tap, wash things in an automatic washing machine  and so on. To fulfill only some of these conditions will have to be conquered, dragging water.

To ensure that all these benefits of civilization have become available, it is necessary to provide autonomous water supply.

Water supply scheme for a private house

The water supply system should provide an opportunity to ensure the extraction of water, cleaning the required level and feeding to the consumer, that is, to the tap under the appropriate pressure. In addition, water is needed for a heating system and for household use, and at the end it needs to be put somewhere.

The general scheme of the private water supply system is as follows:

1. A source of water that can be from a well, a nearby pond, a well, and so on.
2. A pump designed to lift water to the surface, as well as feeding it to the house.
3. Pipeline providing water pumping.
4. The distribution manifold, which will perform the distribution of water based on the water needs.
5. It is also possible to install a hydraulic accumulator, which will be needed to provide the necessary pressure in the system. With it, you can control the operation of the pump.
6. Water heater, so that there is hot water in the house.
7. Optional equipment depending on the specific system.

How to organize self-contained water supply with your own hands

The organization of autonomous water supply in a private house must begin with a water source. More often there are several ways to solve the problem:

1. artesian well;
2. well "on the sand";
3. well.

The simplest design, but there is not much water in it, and cleanliness is not always high.

The well "to the sand" provides water from the aquifer, which runs at a depth of 10-30 meters. From there the extraction is carried out with the help of submersible pump. From the well, water comes in fairly good quality, but the source must be watched so that there is no siltation. Also in this case it is desirable to provide additional filtration.

The most laborious and expensive source of water will be an artesian well, which will provide an excellent clean water. In this case, several houses can be provided with water at once. Neighbors can be co-operated. However, the source will need to be registered with the state authorities, because they belong to the strategic reserves of the country.

Project development

The construction of the water supply should begin with the development of the project. This will allow you to preliminarily take into account all the details and trivia: where to apply water, power head, the number of cranes, pipes, equipment and so on.

Choice of water supply system

Drilling wells

Drilling is performed using a special drill on drilling rig, which performs a uniform ground up to the aquifer. If water is to be used for permanent water supply, it is advisable to invite specialists.

Important! It should be taken into account - proximity to the house, the availability of access roads and the lack of developments on the site.

1. When drilling the upper layers, the walls of the well are reinforced with a special cement mixture.
2. Further, the drilling technology is selected based on the type of soil, that is, the drilling or impact method of drilling can be applied.
3. When the aquifer is reached, the well is deepened by about 8-10 meters.
4. In order not to collapse the walls of the well, they are strengthened by mounting special pipe, which has slot filters and external carburizing.
5. To ensure that the outlet pipe does not freeze in winter, it should be isolated. Therefore, from above create a special heated room or perform an underground caisson, where the water distribution will be connected.

Water supply from a well

The well is one of the one, because it combines practical and aesthetic components.

Choice of a place for a well.It is necessary that it is at least 30 meters from all kinds of pollution sources, that is, a toilet or a cesspool.

Material of the walls.It is allowed to use traditional wood or reinforced concrete rings. The latter today are increasingly popular, because their installation is much faster and easier. However, for their installation, it is necessary to use a special technique to lower the rings into a dug well.

Season. It is preferable to dig a well in the dry period. This will ensure that the minimum water is guaranteed.

Digging a well:

1. Digging clay castle to protect against possible entry of upper waters.
2. Digging the mine. Traditionally, the wells are dig manually by the team. Of course, you can use a special technique, but it can break a layer of soil around the well.
3. As the deepening, in order to avoid collapse, it is necessary to strengthen the walls. This is especially important if there are loose layers.
4. After reaching the water-bearing layer, they start pumping out the water and deepen an additional 1.5-2 m.
5. The installation of reinforced concrete rings is carried out from the lower layers.
6. In the end, the joints are sealed.

Also, in order to ensure the organization of a permanent water supply, a special room is built above the well.

Pumps for pumping water

For water to enter the house, a pump is needed that will lift water from the well or well. Pumps can be:

1. superficial  - they are designed for pumping water from a depth of not more than 9 meters;
2. submersible  - they are able to pump water from a considerable depth - 10-150 meters.

Installation of submersible pumps is carried out directly in the well or well. They are much safer and more durable than surface ones, which makes them a good option for permanent water supply.

Submersible pump water supply

Such a system includes a pump with a non-return valve, a filtration unit, a hydraulic accumulator, an automation unit, a control and shut-off valve, and a distribution pipeline.

When choosing a submersible pump, it is necessary that it be of high quality and has an impeller that is made of stainless steel. This will ensure its long and reliable operation.

To ensure the autonomous operation of the water supply system, it is necessary to use, consisting of a pump, a hydraulic accumulator and an automation unit.

It looks like a tank that accumulates water, it will provide water, even if there is some kind of trouble and the pump will fail. It creates a certain pressure, and water under pressure can be fed into the house for several hours.

Pumping automatic stations should preferably be chosen with a cast iron body or stainless steel - they are more reliable. Of course, there are products with a plastic body, which are lighter in weight, less expensive and not subject to corrosion. But there is a danger that the plastic housing can deform or crack. steel have the highest wear resistance.

The system of autonomous water supply will include:

1. water-lifting equipment in the form of a pump;
2. pipeline with the necessary combs, couplings and cranes;
3. special equipment that provides the creation of a certain pressure - this may be a hydro accumulator and so on;
4. equipment that will allow to purify water from suspended particles and impurities;
5. equipment designed to manage water supply and provide automatic protection against emergency situations.

To create the most comfortable living conditions in a country house, you need to provide yourself with all the necessary benefits of civilization, including water supply. It should be remembered that not always the owner has the opportunity to connect his house to the central water main. In this regard, he is forced by his own efforts to develop the system of autonomous water supply. And among the options available today, most often owners of country houses resort to the device of the well.

Types of wells: advantages and disadvantages

To solve the problem of providing a country house with water, you can consider two types of wells:

• sandy;
• artesian.

The first are presented the best choice in a situation where the volume of water consumption on average does not exceeds 1.5 cubic meters per hour. Usually these are the needs typical of a small house.

At the same time, if it is a country cottage used for living throughout the year, then a sandy well can not meet all the water needs of the owner. Most often, these wells take water from aquifers located at a depth of not more than 50 meters. It follows that the water supplied from such sources will not differ in crystal purity.

Of course, the water transported from the sand well through the water supply will contain far fewer impurities than the water extracted from the well. However, in this case, it will still contain foreign substances and aggressive compounds. This is due to the fact that near with sandy aquifer  surface waters pass.

It should also be taken into account that such a well is capable of providing a small amount of water, which does not exceed 500 liters. In addition to this, a similar source can be used for no more than 10 years.

It is best to immediately think about the arrangement of an artesian well. A similar source is built at a depth of 100 meters or more. Among the advantages of such sources, the main thing to be mentioned is the opportunity to use high quality water in any quantity. The productivity of such a well is kept at a level of up to 10 cubic meters per hour. A similar amount is enough to meet the water needs of a large plot with a house. Among the advantages should be attributed and the durability of such wells: even in conditions of active operation, it can properly perform its task for at least 50 years.

The difference between a sand hole is that any owner can drill it and equip it with all the necessary equipment. In this regard, the artesian well differs markedly, since only qualified specialists can build it. This in turn determines the high costs of drilling an artesian source. To ensure that such a well was built according to all rules, professional drillers should be involved in its construction. These specialists will conduct a study of the composition of the rocks that are under the site, analyze the aquifer and equip the well in the manner required by drilling technology.

Agreeing to professional version you can be sure that during operation you will not encounter any difficulties that will affect the water supply of your home.

Equipment for water supply system

In the process of creating a well with their own hands to provide water to a private home, it is necessary to take into account the depth of the source, as well as other important parameters.

In most cases, the work on bringing water from the well to the house is carried out using pipes that reach in the diameter of 25-32 mm. And it is desirable to use for this design of metal-plastic. The fact is that this material is highly flexible and less susceptible to corrosion processes.

How to stretch the water supply to the house from the well?

Performing work on laying water pipes to a private house with their own hands, special attention  It is necessary to make sure that it is buried below the ground freezing level  in the region of residence. To meet this condition, it is necessary to dig a trench of the required depth, after which a pipe based on metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene having a diameter of 32 mm is placed there. Sometimes it is allowed to use HDPE pipes. However, this solution is the best option, since exposure to negative temperatures can lead to destruction.

Even if the pipe was placed below the freezing level of the soil, the risk of its freezing still remains. First of all, this can happen with those parts of the pipe that are located in the places of recovery of the system. To solve this problem, it is recommended to perform the insulation of the foundation of a private house, which can be helped by heat-insulating materials, by which the pipe should be wrapped. For greater protection from frosts, it will be superfluous to place a self-regulating heating cable parallel to the pipe.

In some cases, certain conditions do not allow excavation  on the site with their own hands. With this option, you can do otherwise by running the pipeline on top, after which it can be slightly buried in the ground. With a similar installation scheme, the pipes are placed, supplemented with a self-regulating heating cable.

As a thermal insulation material for the pipe can be used Energoflex  or other insulators. In order for the materials used to successfully cope with their function, the cake should be placed in a sewer or special corrugated pipe larger diameter. It is also necessary to connect a storage tank to the system, the presence of which will provide an opportunity for watering plants with warm water, which will positively affect the growth of crops.

Variants of autonomous water supply

The owner of a country house when solving the problem of water supply can choose one of the following schemes of the device of the system.

The first way. Automated pumping stations

If there is a small depth in the site and the water level in the source is sufficient, you can connect pumping station or hand pump . When choosing a circuit for this type of house for a private house, the autonomous water supply system will work as follows: a submersible pump causes the fluid to flow into a hydropneumatic tank having a volume of the order of 100-500 liters.

In the construction of a water storage tank there are the following elements:

• rubber membrane, which acts as a separator;
• relay.

The task of the latter is to select the required water pressure in the tank. When the tank is filled with water, the pump is idle. In those moments when the owner starts to consume water for his needs, a signal is sent to the pump, which is turned on and discharges water.

Thus, with this type of water supply, the pump can directly supply water to the house, working in a continuous mode, or idle until the pressure in the system drops to the set level. Then he starts pumping water until hydropneumatic tank  will not be filled again. Directly for the tank you can choose any place of the house, which the owner will find most suitable. Usually this device is placed in the utility room.

Between the caisson and the place where the pipe will be introduced into the house, it is necessary to dig a trench, and to the bottom lay the water pipe together with electrical cable, which will ensure the operation of the pumping unit.

If there is sufficient financial capacity, the owner can supplement this system and heating electric cable. Carrying out its main task, in addition, it will ensure the protection of the water pipe from freezing.

The second method with the installation of a deep pump

If such a scheme of water supply is chosen, in this case the main role will be assigned to a deep pumping unit whose function will consist in pumping water from the well into accumulation tank. To allocate the last place at the elevated point of the house.

This type of tank installation allows the effect of the water tower, resulting in a height difference between the tank and the connection points, which allows maintaining pressure when one millimeter of water column corresponds to 0.1 atmosphere. As a material for such a tank, stainless steel or food plastic can be used. As for the capacity of the tank, it can to reach 500-1500 liters.

It is desirable that the capacity of the tank is maximum: this will have a positive effect on the water supply. Then, in the event of a power outage, water will naturally flow into the tap.

A superfluous float switch will also be superfluous in the system. Thanks to this device, it is possible to create conditions under which pumping unit  can automatically turn on in a situation where the water level will drop in the tank.

When deciding on the selection of a suitable pump variant, it is necessary to pay attention to such parameter as well productivity. Although the capacity of the plant used will affect only the time it will be required to fill the storage tank with water, it is nevertheless necessary to decide on the purchase of pumping equipment, preferably taking into account the maximum rate of water consumption in the house.

When immersed in a well depth pump  and the water pipe behind them is necessary lower the electrical cable. Moreover, pump equipment  fixed with a galvanized cable through a winch, which should be placed inside the caisson. To ensure an optimum level of pressure in the system and to prevent water from pumping back into the well, care should be taken to install a non-return valve, for which a seat above the pump is selected.

When all components of the system are in place, all that remains to be done by the owner is to make sure that the internal wiring is correctly positioned to the connection points and to bring the supply cable from the control panel to the equipment.

Conclusion

Without a water supply system in a suburban private house, it will be difficult for the owner to provide comfortable accommodation. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to think about the construction of a well on the site and to solve the issue of supplying water to the house from it. It is very important to correctly approach the choice of the scheme of the device of the water supply system at home, providing for all critical situations that may affect the efficiency of its operation. Considering all the complexity of these works, it is best to turn to qualified specialists who will solve this problem, as required by the technology of well construction.

If your house is located in a locality where there is no central water supply system, the problem is solved by water supply of a private house from the well, which is drilled and equiped on your site.

1 Advantages and disadvantages of wells of different types

Water supply for a country house is allowed from two types of sources - artesian and sandy. Wells usually make their way alongside the house building. The depth of their drilling in most cases is 25-50 meters. If the water lies at great depths, the well is complicated and becomes, as a rule, economically unprofitable. In addition, to perform such "in-depth" work, it is required to obtain an official permit in government agencies.

Sandy wells are done when it is necessary to provide water to a small house with a small number of inhabitants. They are capable of feeding up to 1.5 cubic meters of water in 60 minutes. The disadvantage of sand wells is that they are not always able to produce a really clean liquid, because they lie at shallow depths. Often the water produced contains aggressive substances and various impurities.

In addition, the productivity of such water sources for a country house is minimal, and the time of their operation usually does not exceed 8-10 years. But their device does not require excessive financial investment in equipment. And the drilling process itself is done quickly. It can even be carried out independently without attracting specialists.

Artesian wells are drilled to great depths, rather than sandy. For a country house sources with artesian water - an ideal option. They provide the economy with high quality water, and its stock is enough even if it is actively pumped out for 50 years or more. Standard equipment for building such a water supply system for a country house allows one to get up to 10 cubic meters of pure liquid per hour. Such large volumes of water are sufficient for human needs, and for watering the garden and garden on the land.

The construction of an artesian spring is not an expensive pleasure. But you will become the owner of a high-quality autonomous system for supplying excellent natural water. Pay attention - it is better to trust drilling and further installation of such systems to professionals who correctly determine the aquifer at your site, equip the well, advise good ones. Subsequently, you will not have any operational problems with it.

2 Elements of the country water supply system

After carrying out drilling operations, a pipe of 100-159 mm is drawn to the surface. Above it, a well and outbuildings are arranged (preferably it is insulated and closed). The latter makes it possible to serve the water supply system in both summer and winter. The outbuildings are erected from bricks or slag blocks and insulated with 10-15-cm slabs of expanded polystyrene.

On the pipe, which is fed liquid, you can mount a heating cable, which will protect it from freezing in particularly cold weather. The geometric parameters of the extension and the well itself should be such that you (or repair technicians) can easily replace the pump or another part of the system.Pay attention - the pipe needs to be lifted over the earth centimeters by 40-50 and covered with a special device, which is called the head.

Such a simple precaution will not allow dust, debris and surface water to penetrate the source of water intake. The design of a particular well with one or another aggregate depends on the characteristics of the source of water supply and on the depth of the aquifer. At the same time, equipment that is mandatory for all systems is always used:

• Pump. It is necessary for lifting and uninterrupted supply of water to the house. Below we will discuss this unit in more detail.
• The caisson is a special tank of metal or durable plastic. It is used to connect to. The caisson during operation of the water supply system allows controlling the operation of the pump.

Also requires for its installation the use of a pressure pipeline (cross section from 25 to 40 mm), protective devices, ball valves, combined split couplings, cartridge filters and a number of other elements. Obligatory is the installation of a sewerage system, which will drain sewage from the house.

3 Select the pump for the system

Autonomous supply of the house and suburban area with water implies the use of a manual (submersible) or deep pump. If you have built a small deep hole, usually a hand pump is used as part of an automated pumping station. In this case, water is supplied under the influence of a submersible pump into a hydropneumatic tank with a volume of 100-500 liters.

It is called a water storage tank, which is divided by a relay and a rubber membrane. These elements ensure a stable adjustment of the liquid pressure in the container. When the hydropneumatic tank is filled with water, the pump does not function. As soon as you start to consume the liquid, the immersion device starts to work and pump out the water. The effectiveness of this system is that the pump mechanism:

• provides fluid to the system (in fact, it functions directly);
• replenishes water reserves in a storage tank after reducing the pressure in the system below a certain critical level.

Install a hydropneumatic tank in the utility room. From the point of entry of the system into the house to the caisson, a trench is broken, where the water supply pipe is placed, as well as an electric cable that will supply electricity to the pump. It is desirable to mount not a simple cable, but a heating cable. He can protect the pipe from freezing.

With this water supply scheme, the storage tank for it is mounted on an elevated site of a suburban structure. When this equipment is put on a high point, a peculiar water tower. The difference in elevation between the connection points and the water storage tank ensures a pressure at which the water column in one meter equals 0.1 atmosphere.

Capacity of 500-1500 liters for storage of liquid is made from food plastic or from "stainless steel". The stock of water will be the greater the larger the volume of the tank. This is of great importance in localities where frequent power outages are frequent. If electricity is lost in the house, the water still flows into the tap by gravity. Usually, the described deep system  In addition, a float switch is mounted, which, when the volume of water in the tank decreases, starts (automatically) the pump.

The pipe together with the pumping device and the electric cable is immersed in the prepared well. To do this, the winch is used (it is mounted in the caisson), to which all the specified elements of the system are connected. That the water is not pumped out, and the pressure is always at the required level, a valve (reverse) is placed above the pump.

A person can live without food for more than a month, but without water it will not last three days. Therefore, the main problem for any home - private or collective - is the drinking source and its quality. In modern realities, the water supply of a private house from a well is very common. It is convenient, inexpensive, simple. And it gives communication complete autonomy and independence.

First of all, it is worth considering what kind of water is suitable for the device of autonomous water supply.

If you imagine everything is simple and accessible, then three types of groundwater are distinguished.

• Verkhovodka. What has seeped into the soil, but has not yet become a stable aquifer. The water is the weakest in quality. It is easy to learn it - the level of the vagina varies greatly depending on the season. For drinking water supply is not suitable.
• Groundwater. More stable aquifers. Depth from a few meters from the surface to several dozen. They are mainly used for the device of autonomous water supply.
• Artesian water. The deepest and oldest watercourses. The depth of occurrence can exceed a hundred meters. Water is most often suitable for drinking purposes, but it can be excessively hard, saturated with various minerals.

Water extracted from an autonomous source, it is necessary to pass a cycle of complex studies in SES or another organization accredited for water analysis. Based on the results of the analyzes, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of its use as a drinking or technical one.

The scheme, imitating the hydrogeological section without observing the scale, demonstrates the principle of occurrence and distribution of groundwater

The organization that conducted the water analysis can recommend optimal scheme  cleaning, if the technical option can after the filtration purchase a drinking category.

Types of wells for private water supply

Unsuitable for drinking vypovodka perfectly suitable for watering the garden, cleaning and similar needs. It is easier and cheaper to obtain it by a well-needle device, also called an Abyssinian well. It is a column of thick-walled tubes of VGP Ø from 25 to 40 mm.

The Abyssinian well is the simplest and cheapest way of obtaining water for the temporary supply of the suburban area

The first link of the column is equipped with a tip and a filter arranged directly in the walls of the water-gas pipe. Abyssinian well  not drilled, but slaughtered in the ground with the help of a weighty woman, which is attached to the rope, thrown through the block. This is the cheapest and easiest way to get water for temporary water supply. For summer residents, who need only technical water and only in the summer.

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Wells on sand can supply water for both technical and drinking purposes. Everything depends on the specific hydrogeological situation in the suburban area. If the water-carrier from above overlaps a layer of waterproof grounds, the water may well be a drinking discharge. Preventing the penetration of water, waterproof primers prevent the penetration of domestic sewage. If the sand containing the water does not have natural protection in the form of loam or solid sandy loam, it is most likely that you will have to forget about the drinking purpose.

The walls of the borehole are reinforced with a string of steel casing pipes, connected together by couplings or welded seam. Recently, polymeric casing, which is in demand by private traders because of affordable price  and corrosion resistance. The design of the well for sand involves the installation of a filter, which excludes penetration of gravel into the trunk and a large sand suspension.

The arrangement of a well on sand will cost considerably more abyssinian well, but cheaper than drilling in the rocky ground

The working part of the downhole filter should protrude beyond the aquifer from above and below at least 50 cm. its length should be equal to the sum of the thickness of the aquifer and at least 1 m of the reserve. The diameter of the filter should be 50 mm less than the diameter casingso that it can be freely loaded and removed from the barrel for cleaning or repair.

Without a filter and partially without casing, wells can be dispensed with the trunk of which is buried in rock limestone. This is the deepest water intake, extracting water from the cracks in the bedrock. They serve longer analogues buried in the sand. They do not inherent the process of silting, because In the thickness of the water-enclosing ground, there is no clayey suspension and fine grains of sand.

The risk of drilling an artesian well is that a fracture zone with groundwater can not be detected

Casing artesian wells arranged on a telescopic principle. Each underlying layer of the structure should be 50 mm already previous. At a depth of more than 100 m, it is permissible to use asbestos-cement pipes or to drill a well without casing, if the rock walls hydraulic engineering structure  there is no need to strengthen.

If an artesian well has traversed more than 10 m of fractured rock containing groundwater, then the filter is installed. Its working part must cover all the water supplying the water.

Scheme of the water supply system autonomous house  with one filter is typical for artesian wells that do not require multistage water purification

Choosing the Right Place

The first step is to determine the location of the well. Once they preferred to drill right under the house - the kitchens then often were arranged in the basement and such a decision seemed convenient. But the fact is that with such an arrangement it is problematic to flush the well if necessary. And if it goes out of order, then it's impossible to drill a new one at all. So the best place for a well is somewhere outside, though not far away.

We must take into account the sanitary standards. The point of water intake should not be closer than 20 meters from a cesspool or a septic tank with clay soils: loam, sandy loam. The presence of sand, which can pass and "absorb" domestic sewage, increases the indicated distance to 50 meters.

The distance between the well and surface sources of contamination is assumed to be 20 m, since the well is considered a protected point of water intake

It should be remembered that the further the point of water intake from the point of draw-off, the more funds will be spent on the construction of the water supply. Cottagers installing summer water supply  on the site, the distance from the source is not too interesting. Fans of permanent residence outside the city should take it into account. After all, for the construction stationary system  Water supply will require a trench digging.

Abyssinian well and small boreholes should not be located closer than 5 m to the foundation. Extracting underground water, they will at the same time drag the particles of loose soil and gradually wash the rock. Over time, this process of weakening can lead to subsidence and deformation of the foundation. But deep wells  on the properties underlying the foundation of rocks practically do not affect.

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General scheme of water supply from the well

Structurally the whole scheme looks simple. The main element is the pump. He raises the water from the depths. Can be located directly in the well (submersible) or work on the surface (surface). The first option provides water intake from a greater depth.

The internal water pipe is arranged either with an accumulator tank located in the attic, from which water is supplied to the consumer by gravity, or with a hydropneumatic installation located in the basement or the ground floor

The second is more convenient to mount and maintain, it is preferable for large seasonal breaks (for suburban area, eg). But surface pump  does not provide lifting from depths of more than 8 meters. Here still it is necessary to consider and removal on horizontal sites on a surface - 10 meters of transportation of water in horizon are equated to a meter of lifting. By the way, one more reason not to remove much of the well from the house.

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Then the water enters the accumulator. It is a steel or plastic tank. It has a rubber container where air is pumped. This compressible volume creates pressure in the system and displaces water to the points of analysis, water, as is known, does not contract, but the air has such a property.

Automatics monitors pressure drops. If the pressure falls below a preset level, it turns on the pump, and when it reaches - turns it off. This creates a stable pressure in the system and a normal supply of water to the points of analysis.

The power and volume of the accumulator (and pump) are selected with a small margin, based on the peak flow rate. That is, all the points are plus: a toilet, a sink, a shower and so on. If there is seasonal watering, then it is also taken into account in the calculation.

In addition to the pump and drive, the kit includes check valve, preventing water flow back into the well, pressure relief valve, pressure sensors, various sensors and relays, stop valves  and filters.

Sandy oblique filters are mandatory and prevent the penetration of sand into the system. But the filters fine cleaning  Based on the composition of the extracted water.

All lines of the autonomous water supply network must be shut off by shut-off valves. It is desirable that the connections are made collapsible - with the help of so-called "American women".

But in general, the final configuration of the entire scheme varies, based on specific tasks. But the basis on the basis of the pump and accumulator always remains unchanged.

The scheme of water supply from the well is not very complicated and can be collected by one's own hands

Layout and layout of equipment

When installing water from a well with your own hands, it is more difficult to locate equipment. There are many options.

The most rational is to recognize the device of the caisson - a special well near the well, where all the mechanisms are located. It turns out that the equipment is directly at the water intake point and the transportation costs for the horizon are minimal. The second plus is the silence in the house. The pump station is quite a noisy device, so placing it outside the perimeter of the residential area is justified.

Often, the pumping station equipment is installed directly in the caisson of the well - quieter in the house

The caisson is a fortified and insulated pit with a heated cover, buried below the calculated freezing point.

This excludes the freezing of the caisson - the fact is that the temperature on the soil at this depth is approximately constant throughout the year and is always above zero. So with normal insulation of the walls and the head of the caisson, there is no risk of temperature drop. Ground facilities in such cases work much worse.

If the caisson device is impossible for any technical reasons, the wellhead is closed with a sealed head

If there is no possibility to build a caisson, then all the equipment can be placed in the house. It is good, if for these purposes will be allocated a separate room.

With a thoughtful placement of equipment, it does not take up much space

If there is no possibility of allocating a separate isolated area for such purposes, you can use the bathroom for this purpose. If there is no place there, then you can look at the cupboards under the sink in the kitchen.

Storage tank, filters for water purification and heating system is best placed in a specially arranged technical room

Often placed under a staircase or in a pantry, it is good for such purposes to use a cellar or even a cellar - this type of equipment is not so cumbersome and unpretentious. Here the main thing is not the place of installation, but its correctness. And the location itself does not influence the quality of the work. On the convenience of access - yes. But not at work.

You can place the equipment in the kitchen cupboard under the sink

Rules of laying pipes

Pipes for installation of the whole system are better to take plastic, HDPE. They are light, durable, reliable. Are not afraid of corrosion, on the inner surface is not formed a bacterial plaque. Steadily suffer from water hammers, they can withstand the freezing of water inside them. Although before this, of course, it is better not to bring. They just bend and cut. It is allowed to lay directly in the ground.

Warming of the input on the way from the well to the house is never superfluous

On a site outside the house, the pipes are laid at a depth below the freezing point. In extreme cases, there is a special low-temperature heating cable, which is passed into the pipe and connected to the electrical network.

It does not freeze the water inside the highway even in severe frosts. But this is an extra expense of electricity - much easier and more efficient simply to lay the pipe a little deeper.

If the laying of the stationary pipeline is made below the depth of seasonal freezing of the ground, only the area above the freezing level is insulated

Entering a water pipe from a well into the house is best done also at depth, under the ground. If this is not possible and it is necessary to run the pipe into the house through the plinth, then this site is subject to mandatory warming. And the insulation must begin even below the freezing level.

If it is planned to discharge the supply pipe within the freezing area, it must be insulated with warming - the insulation must begin at a location below the calculated freezing depth

Already in the house installation can be done in any way: pVC pipes, copper, steel and so on - to whom that is more convenient and easier. The main thing is that it is reliable and sound.

Proper water supply from the well to the private house guarantees trouble-free operation of the system and the absence of equipment breakdowns

Many questions are caused by the location of the sensors and their assortment, the rules for installing shut-off and safety valves.

Video-examples of the arrangement of autonomous water supply

The best video for explaining such dark places will be the video below. Just remember the principle: always take all the parameters with a margin.

To build a water supply system from a well with your own hands, you can do it yourself if you follow the guidelines of the building and technological rules compilations.