Protective zone of the sewer. Communications within the city. For water supply from an open source

Any sewage system is a potential source of hazard drinking water   and the environment. Therefore, there is such a concept, the protection zone of sewage - snip determine the size of the territory and the standards of its designation. It is forbidden to build, plant trees and perform a number of works on the protected area. Let's consider what rules of the equipment of security zones are now accepted in construction.

Surely, many saw the established tablets, which indicate that in this place is a protected area. Such plaques are placed, for example, in places where the electric cable is laid. It is strictly forbidden to conduct unauthorized land works in the zone falling under the action of the established plate.

There are also security zones of water supply and sewerage. They are created to solve two issues:

• With the goal of environmental protection.
• In order to protect the pipelines from damage.

The general concept of a sewage protection zone

Security zones of sewerage are called the territories that surround the structures of sewer networks. Within the sewerage areas, the following actions should be avoided:

• Planting trees;
• Trenching trenches and pits;
• Storing of firewood or any other materials;
• The arrangement of landfills.
• Planning the construction of some buildings, piling or blasting.
• Carrying out works that raise or lower the level of soil, that is, the production of slices of soil or its subsoil.
• The device of a road covering from ferro-concrete plates, even if this road of time appointment.
• The production of any actions, as a result of which the passage to the sewerage network will be blocked.

As a rule, the boundaries of protected areas are prescribed in a decree issued by the Ministry of the Environment. Accurate information on the size of security zones can be obtained from local water utilities.

What is the danger of non-compliance?

It must be said that cases of damage to the sewerage pipeline due to land works are not so rare. They happen even more often than damage to water pipes or power cables.

Accidental accidents are due to the fact that the manufacturer simply does not know that the pipeline is passing through here. It's a matter of some inconsistency of laws. So, for example, when laying power transmission lines or constructing a water pipe, the operating organization must set warning signs.

But the obligatory installation of a sign warning that there is a sewage protection zone here is not legally regulated. That is, the clear indication that the owners of sewage networks, should designate the location of the guard zone signs, the law does not.

Thus, if as a result of some work the sewage pipeline was damaged, then the responsibility will be borne by:

• In the absence of a warning sign, the operating organization.
• If the sign was present, but was ignored, then the responsibility rests with the manufacturer of the work.

For the damage to the sewage network, the culprit is administratively responsible. If the accident caused damage to the environment, then the measure of responsibility will be different.

Advice! Before carrying out land or other potentially hazardous work for the pipeline, it is necessary to study the terrain. Information on the location of sewerage protection zones can be obtained from the organization that manages the water and sewage networks.

Sewerage Sewerage Sizes

The regulatory requirements for the size of security zones need to be known not only to the producers of work. Today, quite often, homeowners construct their own local sewerage systems, while observing the norms and parameters that are regulated by SNiPs.

Advice! Documents that regulate the rules for the installation of sewage systems:

• SNiP 40-03-99;
• SNiP 3.05.04-85;
• SNiP 2.05.06-86.

However, one should know that SNiPs are specified only general requirements, the exact size is set by local authorities. Under normal conditions, the guard zone of gravity and pressure sewerage is 5 meters on either side of the pipe. The measurement is made from the side wall of the pipeline.

There are also special conditions that can affect the size of the security zones, such conditions include:

• High seismic hazard;
• Extremely low temperatures in winter;
• Weak or excessively moist soils.

In such difficult conditions, the guard zone is doubled and is 10 meters in each direction from the side walls of the pipe. Similarly, a security zone storm sewage.

Rules for the location of sewerage in relation to water sources

Since damage to sewerage systems poses a serious threat to the environment, there are strict rules for placing the sewage pipeline relative to water sources.
  Pipeline sewage should be located at a distance:

• Not less than 250 meters from the river.
• Not less than 100 meters from the lake.
• Not less than 50 meters from underground sources.
• At least 10 meters from the water supply pipeline, provided that the pipe diameter is less than a meter. If the diameter of the pipe is more, then the distance should be at least 20 meters.
• If the water pipe is located in permeable or heavily humid soils, the distance to the sewage pipes should be at least 50 meters, regardless of the size of the pipe.

Important nuances

A careful study of the requirements of SNiP is important, both for those developers who are involved in laying the sewage system, and for those who plan to carry out some work in the protected area. However, when studying SNiPs, one should not forget about the requirements of local legislation.

Of course, when it was approved, the same SNiPs were taken as a basis, however, some nuances are possible, non-observance of which can lead to trouble for the developer. Developers should take into account the fact that in the priority of legal proceedings will still be local legislative acts.

If, according to the plan, the sewerage pipeline passes near any buildings, the laying should be carried out at a distance from their foundation, stipulated by sanitary norms. Reduction of this distance is possible only with the written consent of the owner of the building to carry out the work.

Security zones of water supply system

Secured territory   The water pipeline is constructed in order to protect the source of drinking water from possible contamination. Therefore, when constructing a water pipe, measures are taken to avoid situations that could lead to a deterioration in the quality of the supplied water.

Belts of water protection zone

Sanitary zone of the water supply consists of three belts. The project of the zone should be coordinated with the sanitary-epidemiological service, Vodokanal enterprise and other interested organizations.

• The first belt of the guard zone rearranges a circle with a center at the point of water intake and has a radius of 30-50 meters. If there are several sources, then, it is necessary to allocate several security zones.

Advice! If it is necessary to reduce the radius of the first guard belt, it is necessary to apply to the sanitary-epidemiological control service, since this issue is within the competence of this body.

The width of the guard zone along the pipelines through which water is transported is determined depending on the type of soil.

• If the pipeline is laid in dry grounds, the width of the guard zone is 10 meters in each direction if the pipe diameter does not reach 1000 mm and 20 meters in each direction if a larger pipeline is being constructed.
• When constructing a water pipe in wet ground, the size of the guard zone is 50 meters in each direction, regardless of the diameter of the used pipe.

Advice! In the event that the water pipeline passes through already built-up areas, it is allowed to reduce the territory of sanitary zones after agreeing with the SES services.

What should not be in the sanitary zone of the aqueduct?

In the sanitary protection zone there should not be:

• Harvesters, manure storages, garbage receptors and other sources of potential water pollution.
• Water canals are prohibited to be carried out on the territory of landfills, fields of filtration of sewage drains, irrigated agricultural fields, cattle cemeteries and cemeteries.

So, the security zone of the water supply and sewerage system is the territory allocated for the protection of pipelines from damage during land works. In addition, the sanitary zone of the water supply serves to protect the source of water supply from pollution, and the sewage protection zone is necessary to prevent soil contamination with sewage.

Forbidden zone - this inscription on the plate met, perhaps, everyone. But not everyone knows that such a territory is not only private property and nature protection zones, but also the area around the canal. And the point here is not that the work carried out here can harm communications. The security zone of the canalization is necessary first of all in order not to harm the health of a person and not to damage the environment. This is exactly what will be discussed in this article.

Any sewage   carry a potential danger to the environment and human health. This is due to impurities, which contain a large number of pathogens and microorganisms. To minimize these risks, around any facility associated with sewage system   , a protected area should be allocated.

In such territories, according to current rules and regulations   , certain actions should be limited. For example, in a protected area it is forbidden:

• Plant trees and other large green plantations.
• To conduct excavations (dig holes and trenches). Of course, this rule does not apply to the organization's sewerage services.
• You can not arrange warehouses and store any values ​​(building materials, fuel, and even more food).
• It is not allowed to build any structures, especially residential buildings.
• It is impossible to carry out any work with the use of impact mechanisms, closer than 15 m from sewage facilities.
• It is forbidden to change the level of the ground, the construction of dams, embankments, roads, etc. There are rules according to which at a distance closer than 20 m from the current sewage collector   it is forbidden to lay a subway. Of course, this applies only to large cities, but this requirement indicates the importance for the environment and human health of maintaining integrity sewer pipesinterrogations.
• Also, you can not build anything that might interfere with access to the communications of service companies.

Note! The decision to divert the territory to a protected area is taken by the representative of the relevant authorities. The decision should be communicated through a special resolution. The size and location of such areas can be obtained from local organizations that carry out maintenance of sewerage communications.

The sizes of such areas depend on various factors. Among them are the depth of the laying and the dimensions of the sewage pipes, the features of the terrain and the purpose of communications (domestic or industrial sewerage).

Under the current legislation, organizations that lay underground power lines or a water supply system should designate protection zones. But this rule does not apply to sewage pipelines   . As a result of such non-mating the cases of breakthrough of such communications as a result of carrying out of ground works are much more than in the case of electric lines and water supply.

But there will be no less problems with such a breakthrough. And then it's not even that the organization operating the sewer system will have to spend resources on repairs. The breakthrough of such pipelines threatens to cause great damage to the environment, and, consequently, to the health of people.

Since the installation of a sign about the sewage protection zone is not mandatory, the responsibility for damage to communications will be:

• The organization that services the sewage system, in the absence of a sign.
• The organization that conducted the work, if the sign was installed and ignored. The same goes for private individuals.

Note! According to the current regulations, for violations of the requirements prescribed by the protected zone of the sewer, the perpetrator bears administrative responsibility. But do not think that if you damage the sewer pipe, you face only a fine. If the spillage of sewage drains has brought great harm to the environment, then the punishment will be much stricter.

If you decide to conduct any construction or excavation work, it is better to ask in advance from the sewers of organizations that there are no protected areas in the workplace. You will spend some time "searching for the truth", but you will save yourself from possible large material losses in the form of a fine and compensation for damage.

Sewer system ensures normal life of the settlement. In addition, such communications are potentially dangerous to the health of citizens and the state of the environment. In this regard, when working in a protected area, the following requirements must be met:

• strictly comply with all requirements prescribed in the current regulations and rules;
• when performing any work (allowed by the operating company) in the protected area, ensure all measures to maintain the integrity and safety of sewage pipelines and systems;
• to monitor the safety of all elements of communications;
• provide free access to sewage pipeline   (remove snow, garbage, etc.).

Note! If any work is needed in the protected sewerage area, you need to obtain a permit. The approval takes place in the operating company. After completion of all required work, a special commission is invited. She inspects the security zone and gives permission for the delivery of the work performed.

Dimensions of the protected area

In order not to violate the existing legislation and not conduct work or construction in a protected sewerage area, it is worthwhile to know exactly their size. Such information will be useful not only to organizations, but also to individuals.

Note! Many owners of country houses do on their plots autonomous sewerage systems . According to SNIP (construction norms and rules) and these facilities are subject to the requirements for the protected area. If your neighbor has made an autonomous system, then you can not build a construction near it.

And what are the sizes of such zones? According to the current norms for the pressure sewage system, the protected area must be at least 5 m from each side of the side walls of the pipeline. The same rules apply to gravity systems.

But these requirements of SNIP apply to normal conditions. In some cases, the distance from the pipeline to the end of the protected area can be changed:

• If the ambient air temperature or soil in the region is below the normative values ​​(this applies to the northern regions of our country).
• There is an increased risk of seismic activity. In this case, the zone increases. In the case of earthquakes, there is a high likelihood of a pipeline rupture and the entry of sewage into the environment.
• If the soil is weak or strongly moisturized. In sandy soils or in marshy areas, the breakthrough of sewerage communications can do more harm, as drains can penetrate deeper and farther from the pipe.

As a rule, if one of these conditions is met according to the characteristics of the terrain, then the protected area is increased by 2 times. In such regions, you can not do anything within 10 m on either side of the walls of the sewer pipe. But in each specific case it is better to learn more precisely from local authorities and pipeline operators.

Note! Precisely such rules apply to the storm drainage system. Despite the fact that such systems are designed to collect conditionally clean run-off from atmospheric precipitation, the norms for them are prescribed the same. The security zone must be at least 5 m on each side of the pipeline.

In addition, the laying of the sewerage system must meet the standards related to water protection zones. Since impurities can cause great harm to the environment, and primarily biological life and the purity of water bodies, it is not allowed to place them near water-protected areas. So, according to the current building codes and regulations, the following distances must be observed:

• from sources groundwater   (well, well, etc.) - not less than 50 m;
• from the shore of a lake, pond or other non-current water body - not less than 100 m;
• from the edge of the water of rivers and streams - at least 250 m.

In addition, it is necessary to draw special attention at laying of water supply systems near to the sewerage communications. According to existing regulations, in this case it is necessary to observe certain distances. So, if the cross-section of a pipe of the water supply system does not exceed 1 m, then they can be laid no closer than 10 m from the sewerage lines. In this case it is necessary to take into account the features of the soil.

Note! If the soil is moist or weak, the distance between the water supply and sewerage systems should not be less than 50 m, regardless of the diameter of the pipes used.

When laying a sewer system (including an autonomous, maintenance a private house) in the protection zone of water bodies, it is better to take existing standards with a margin. For example, to retreat from the shore of the lake is not 100 m, but 110. The fact is that very often there are discrepancies between the marking of protected zones of water bodies in kind and their schematic layout.

Video

About the secrets of laying sewer pipes you can find out if you watch the video:

All of us can not but care about the quality of water in the water pipe, which we drink and use for domestic and domestic needs. On the cleanliness should be taken care of and on the headworks, where there is a water intake, and in the water supply networks. Protect from pollution requires not only water intake, the protection zone of the water pipe throughout its length should fully fulfill its function.

For the purpose of environmental protection, a zone is created around all water supply facilities health protection   (ZSanO).

Sanitary-protective zoning involves the formation of 3 belts:

• strict regime - number 1;
• restrictive - number 2;
• observation - №3.

In strict mode, directly protected water intake facilities and the place of water abstraction from accidental or willful harm. The second restrictive belt is designed to protect the source of water from microbial contamination, and the third is needed to monitor the level of chemical contamination.

The source of water is in the strict regime, followed by the belt of restrictions and observations, in which their own rules apply

If the first belt can be outlined manually, operating with a small number of regulatory figures, the second and third belts are determined as a result of complex hydrodynamic calculations by a complicated technique. It is much more convenient to master the computer program AMWELLS, but for now we will consider general principles   construction of zones of sanitary protection in several variants.

1. For water supply from an open source

Let's say water enters the water supply from the river - it's an open (or surface) source. The first belt is determined by the location water intake facilities   (head elements of the water supply system). To them we add 180-200 meters against the current and 90-100 m along the current. The water intake and the adjacent water area are controlled by paramilitary guards, here it is forbidden to find strangers.

Having defined the length, let's find out the width of the coastal strip, which falls into the ZanO. There may be 50 and 200 meters with the seizure of the opposite shore, which depends on the power of the river itself. Along a large and deep channel with an intensive current, no more than 50 m of shore is isolated on both sides. And if the river is small - up to 150 m and over. This includes the width of the two coastal edges and the river itself.

When water intake from a large lake, reservoir, when the opposite shore is very far, in all directions measured 100 m. It turns out the likeness of a circle with such a radius, and some of it passes through the water. The water boundary of the zone is marked with buoys and buoys with illumination.

The second belt is the territory that follows immediately after the first belt and is adjacent to it. It is subject to stringent restrictions: plants and industrial production, farmlands, construction, development of beaches and places of mass suburban recreation are prohibited. To know where to place the boundary of the second belt upstream, you need to study the ability of river water to self-purification.

The water intake structure consists of windows-receivers, a suction chamber, pumping station   1 st lift, the service pavilion, which houses the staff, and the survey gallery

On average, the river recycles contamination from 3 to 5 days. During this time, the current of the river should not be able to reach contaminated water to the point of water intake, self-purification should occur earlier. If we translate to a kilometer, then to include in the second belt 20-35 km of the channel for large and 35-60 km for small rivers above the water intake is quite enough.

And downstream the border will pass at a distance of 250-300 m from the water intake. Here it is required to exclude the reverse movement of water against the current due to wind.

The third belt - it includes cities, villages, villages, supplied with water from this source, the territory needs constant monitoring, but such restrictions, as in the first and second, no longer exist.

2. For water supply from a subterranean source (well)

In the variant with an underground source, a sanitary protection zone is also needed. For shallow water wells, revealing the aquifers of sedimentary deposits, the strict regime zone is surrounded by a radius of 50 m, and for deep wells, reaching aquifers in bedrock rocks, this figure is half that of 25 m.

There can not be any superfluous facilities, except for the primary pumping station, water tower, a minimum of subsidiary structures. Surface and drainage drains must be taken out of limits, and the territory itself should be landscaped, landscaped, fenced, while ensuring unimpeded entrance of special transport with servicing brigades to eliminate possible sudden malfunctions, planned maintenance and repair of equipment.

The second belt is defined in such a way that pollution from outside it can not penetrate underground aquifers and reach water abstraction within a period of 100 to 400 days - a specific figure is calculated based on the laws of hydrodynamics taking into account the characteristics of soils and climatic factors.

The third belt is the zone of active human activity. It is assumed that the movement of pollution from this area towards the water intake will be slow and take longer than the planned life of the well (25-50 years).

Sanitary protection zones are drawn on maps, information on them is published, and the strict mode belt is marked with all kinds of warning signs and signs on the ground, is filled with a solid fence, a grid with barbed wire, etc.

The well is closed with a decorative warm house, the adjacent territory of strict regime is fenced along the perimeter, planted and contained in an ideal order

3. For structures and water lines outside the water intake

Outside the territories related to water intake from sources, there are zones of strict sanitary security around such waterworks:

• spare tanks, filter stations - 30 m;
• water tower - 10 m;
• pump installations, chlorine and reagent warehouses, settling tanks, etc. - 15 m.

Along the water canals, both on the left and on the right, it is necessary to lay sanitary belts. Their width varies from 10 to 50 m and depends on how high the groundwater rises, what is the diameter of the water conduit. If the cross-section of the pipe does not exceed 1 m, a strip of 10 m is sufficient, for a pipe with a diameter of more than 1 m the width of the strip is doubled, and at high groundwaterah - up to 50 m regardless of the size of the pipe.

When the water pipeline is laid over already built-up areas, it is allowed to reduce the area of ​​protected areas, if the sanitary-epidemiological service does not object.

What is prohibited in the ZSANO area

The most stringent requirements are imposed on strict regime zones (the first belt). In their territories, one can not build buildings and structures, dig trenches or otherwise dig into the ground, store any materials, apply fertilizers, litter, cut down green plantations, graze livestock, fish, arrange berths for boats, swim.

Next to the warning sign are the prohibitory signs indicating that you absolutely can not do in the sanitary protection zone

An extensive list of prohibitions is made for the second guard zone. Construction and blasting operations, driving piles and other activities that create vibration are prohibited. You can not drain sewage, develop the bowels of the earth, cut down forests, place warehouses of pesticides, fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, plow up virgin land, drain swamps.

It is not allowed to allocate space for cattle cattle, silage and manure pits, livestock and poultry complexes, etc. Excluded the use of security territory for living, outdoor activities, sports events. It is forbidden to pull water lines along the territory of landfills, filtration fields, near cemeteries.

How to lay the sewer system in relation to the water supply system

Accidents on sewer networks are a frequent occurrence, and the reason is not only the natural wear of pipes and systems. Sewerage, like a water pipe, has a security zone, but it is not customary to designate signs and signs. The presence of sewer pipes and their location should be judged by wells, closed with massive metal covers labeled "K" or "GK".

Before starting excavation work in the security sewage system, it is necessary to study plans and schemes engineering communications, receive appropriate advice and advice from specialists.

Otherwise, it is easy to break the sewer pipe with one careless push of the excavator bucket, and who will then calculate the losses and the material costs of the recovery? And if there is a water pipeline nearby, the damage and negative consequences increase many times.

The letters "К" or "ГК" on the cover of the sewerage hatch designate the sewage system or city sewage system respectively, on the cover of the water well it should be written "В"

The security zone of the sewerage network is established in proportion to the cross section of the pipe:

• up to 0,6 m in diameter - not less than 5 meters in both directions;
• from 0,6 to 1,0 m and more - on 10-25 meters.

In consideration it is necessary to take seismological characteristics of the terrain, climate and monthly average temperatures, humidity and freezing of the soil, features of the ground. The presence of adverse factors is an occasion for increasing the security zone.

Regulated and the distance to the sewer networks located under the ground, from such objects:

• from any foundations the sewerage should be protected by 3-5 meters (for a pressure distance more than for a gravity flow);
• from supporting structures, fences, overpasses the spacing is from 1.5 m to 3.0 m;
• from the railway track - 3,5-4,0 m;
• from the road curb on the carriageway - 2.0 m and 1.5 m (standards for pressure and gravity sewerage);
• from ditches and cuvettes - 1-1.5 m from the near edge;
• street lighting poles, racks of contact nets - 1-1,5 m;
• support of high-voltage power lines - 2,5-3 m.

Reference digits, accurate engineering calculations allow us to obtain more valid data. If water and sewer pipes can not be crossed, the water supply must be placed above the sewage system. When this is technically difficult to implement, a casing is put on the sewer pipes.

The space between it and the working tube is densely packed with soil. On loam and clay, the length of the casing is 10 meters, on the sands - 20 meters. Crossing communications for different purposes is better at a right angle.

With a large-scale breakdown of the sewerage, it is necessary to cut off the supply of tap water, so that if not to stop, at least reduce the release of fecal waters outwards

When opening water and sewage pipes in connection with the repair, apply the equipment in earthworks   is allowed up to a certain depth. The last meter of the earth layer above the pipe is removed neatly by hand without using a tool with shock and vibration action.

Strictly forbidden to lay sewage sanitary sewage pipelines, but in the city requirements are less stringent. In urban conditions, when there is a forced parallel arrangement of main water and sewage pipes, it is necessary to withstand the following distances:

• 10 m for pipes up to 1.0 m in diameter;
• 20 m with a pipe diameter of more than 1.0 m;
• 50 m - on a wet ground at any diameter of a pipe.

For thinner pipes of domestic sewerage, the distance to other underground utilities is determined by their standards:

• up to the water supply - from 1,5 to 5,0 m, depending on the material and the diameter of the pipes;
• up to rain drainage systems - 0,4 m;
• up to gas mains - from 1.0 to 5 m;
• to cables laid underground - 0.5 m;
• to the heating plant - 1.0 m.

The last word on how to ensure the safe coexistence of water supply and sanitation is left to the specialists of the water channel enterprises. All controversial issues should be resolved in the design process and do not float at the operational stage.

If you do not control household and industrial wastewater, landfills, the amount of chemical fertilizers and poisons in the fields, water supplies will become unusable

List of normative documents

The compulsory creation of ZASO with a breakdown into the belts is stipulated by the law "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-being of the Population" (No. 52FZ, 30.03.99). According to this law, the development of the ZSanO of the water source must be added to the project for the operation of the water pipeline and it should be formalized by a separate project.

The design of ZSANO is based on SanPiN with the code 2.1.4.1110-02. This normative document   determines how to calculate sanitary protection zones, and describes the requirements for them from a position of sanitation and epidemiology. Ignoring the rules and norms prescribed in SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02, is fraught with a high probability of outbreaks of serious infectious diseases, mass poisonings, epidemics.

Documents with the abbreviation SNiP will also be useful: 40-03-99 (new version 2.04.03-85), 2.07.01-89 *, 2.07.01-89 *, 2.05.06-85 *, 3.05.04-85 * , 2.04.02-84 (section 10 - Zones of sanitary protection). In building codes and regulations with the above ciphers, you can find the necessary information on the design of water supply and sewerage networks, in the construction of settlements, along trunk pipelines.

The standard of the laying depth of the water supply pipeline is not less than 0.5 m from the upper level of the pipe without taking into account the freezing of the soil in winter. To the left and to the right of the trench there is a withdrawal of land under the sanitary-security strip with a width of 10-20 m

Normative materials - the basis for the development of norms, taking into account the local characteristics of a particular region. Urban and rural administrative authorities are responsible for approving and adjusting the norms for ZSAN.

Responsibility for non-observance of protection rules

Security zones - a kind of guarantee of the purity of water and protecting it from pollution. Compliance with the rules in force in these zones is the responsibility of all economic entities and private individuals. For violation there are such sanctions:

• compensation of damage - the culprit must compensate for the damage caused by unauthorized construction, storage and storage of materials, accumulation of garbage and waste closer than 5 m from the water supply;
• administrative measures, i. fines - for neglect of construction norms, rules, for the erection of buildings and any other construction without a project approved in advance;
• criminal responsibility for land squatting in zones of sanitary protection.

It's silly to justify, as an excuse, that you did not know about the location of the security zones - this does not absolve you from responsibility. Before carrying out any construction, land and other work, you should contact the water canal and see where your protection zones are located in your settlement and surroundings, and what actions can not be taken in the chosen place. This is the only way to avoid unpleasant and unexpected consequences.

Those who throw garbage in the water protection zone can not catch at the crime scene, and it only remains to appeal to the conscience and consciousness of all citizens

Since the first belt of the ZSANO should be marked with warning signs, in the case of their absence, responsibility for the order in the guard zone lies with the operating organization, and there is no reason to make claims against those who accidentally invade the forbidden territory. But if there are warnings, to remove the blame for illegal entry into the sanitary zone and the implementation of any actions there the violator can not.

With land swindlers who unauthorizedly seize the plots in the sanitary protection zone for construction, it is possible to fight only by toughening punishments and shifting from administrative responsibility to criminal

The legislation of the Russian Federation determines the degree of responsibility and punishment for those who violate sanitary norms and requirements. You can read about this in the RF Code "On Administrative Violations" (No. 195FZ, December 30, 2001). In particular, Article 8.13 deals with water bodies and their protection.

Fine for violations in the sanitary protection zones of water pipes and water intakes of an average person can be in the amount of 500 to 1,000 rubles, an official - 1-2 thousand rubles. Penalties for legal entities are from 10 to 20 thousand rubles.

If the zone of sanitary protection of the reservoir, lake, river involved in water supply is damaged, the fines are higher - 1-2 thousand rubles, 3-4 thousand rubles and 30-40 thousand rubles, respectively. Compliance with rules and regulations under the laws of the Russian Federation is strictly checked.

Video about the organization and calculation of security zones

What does the strict security zone look like:

How does the program work for calculating zones of sanitary protection of underground water intakes:

Let's sum up ... Security zones are an important condition in creating water supply systems. And they must fully fulfill their functional purpose, if we want to run from the faucets pure water. When the filtration stations on the water pipes do not cope with the level of contamination, chlorine harmful to health is added to the disinfection water. Is it not better to remember about ecology and not to break the order in health zones   protection?

One of these days faced such question. One company wanted to build a shopping center on its own land. Not far from the border of the site is the waterway of the 1st lift of the western water treatment station of the Moscow water supply system. The station itself is in the Peredelkino district and feeds the south-west and south of Moscow. Moreover, it is not one water conduit, but several pipes, with a diameter of 1.4 to 2 meters going in a general direction to the north-south. I myself once saw, in Romashkovo district one of these pipes came out to the surface, was cut off and inside could be walked in or knocked with a sledge hammer on the pipe wall. The Western water treatment plant feeds Moscow with water from the Moskva River. The source of water for her is shallow.

Reasonably believing that such a serious object should have security or sanitary protection zones began to dig further, in order to know what restrictions the presence of such an object imposes on the site and future construction. And that's what happened.

In 1971, the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR approved the sanitary protection zones of the western water supply station and sources feeding it. According to this document, at the water conduit appeared the 1st zone of the ZSO with a width of at least 10 meters from the axis of the water conduits in both directions. And the 2nd belt is 40 meters wide from the boundaries of the 1st zone in both directions. That is 50 meters from the axis of the water lines.

In 1980, due to the fact that in the late 70's to the Moscow water supply system   joined the new reservoirs, a joint decision of Mosgor and Mosoblispolkom approved the draft sanitary protection zones, which in the part of the water pipeline of the 1st and 2nd ascents repeated what was in 1971.

In 1984, SNiPs were issued, according to which sanitary-protective strips are installed for water pipelines. The width is not less than 10 meters for a pipe with a diameter of 1 meter, not less than 20 meters for pipes with a diameter of more than a meter. For water lines in wet soils, not less than 50 meters, regardless of diameter. Wet grounds are soils located below the level of ground water, and slightly higher than them for different types of soils. At the same time, within the sanitary protection zone there should be no sources of contamination of soils and groundwater (latrines, garbage pits, manure storages, garbage receptors, etc.). Our water pipe lies above the groundwater table, in places even in a bulk breastwork. According to topography, its diameter (closest to our pipe) is 2000 mm.

In 1995, SanPiNs sanitary protection zones   sources of drinking water supply. According to them at the waterways there is a sanitary protection strip (it also provides sanitary protection of the water canal). The parameters of which are identical to those in SNiPe 84. 10.20 and 50 meters. The requirements for activities within the NWFP are the same as they were in the year 84.

In 2002, replacing the previous SanPiNs, new ones are adopted, the 1995 rules become invalid. According to their parameters, the FFP parameters are repeated. 10,20,50 meters and the absence of sources of pollution of soils and groundwater.

Thus, according to actual health standards   and rules, we have 20 meters from the edge of the water main (sanitary-protective strip), within which there are restrictions on building. There are no restrictions for this band. At the same time, we have an unaltered 1980 document on which 10 meters from the water conduit is the 1st zone of the sanitary protection zone and 40 meters from the first is the 2nd belt.

In general, the objects of this farm can be divided into the following classes:

Water intake. Pond, well and etc. He has 3 belts of sanochran zones.

Waterworks. Capacities, filters, towers, sedimentation tanks, chlorine and ammonia warehouses, etc. They can be located outside the water intakes and their security zones and they in turn have only the 1st zone of the ZSO.

Water lines. They have a sanitary-protective strip.

So we have two options, consider the worst. The decision of the executive committees for the 80th year is valid and part of our site falls into the 2nd ZSO zone. The second belt can be at the surface or underground source of water supply. Considering that our water conduit belongs to the Western Station, and that in turn feeds from the Moscow River basin, our source is superficial. And restrictions to the use of the site are described in detail here:

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02

3.3. ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE ZSO SURFACE SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY '

3.3.1. Activities for the first belt

3.3.1.1. On the territory of the first belt of the SOS of the surface water supply source, the measures specified in 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.3.

* The aim of the measures is to minimize the microbial and chemical contamination of water from water supply sources, allowing modern technology   processing ensure the production of drinking water.

3.3.1.2. It is not allowed to discharge any sewage, incl. sewage of water transport, as well as bathing, washing clothes, watering cattle and other types of water use, affecting the quality of water.

The water area of ​​the first belt is protected by buoys and other warning signs. On navigable reservoirs above the water intake, buoys with lighting should be installed.

3.3.2. Activities for the second and third belts of the ZSO

3.3.2.1. Identification of objects polluting the sources of water supply, with the development of specific water protection measures, provided by sources of financing, contractors and coordinated with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Center.

3.3.2.2. Regulation of the allocation of territory for the new construction of residential, industrial and agricultural facilities, as well as the harmonization of technology changes in existing enterprises associated with increasing the risk of contamination by sewage water supply.

3.3.2.3. Preventing the diversion of wastewater in the catchment area of ​​the source of water supply, including its tributaries, which do not meet the hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters.

3.3.2.4. All works, incl. extraction of sand, gravel, dredging within the water area of ​​ZSO are allowed in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision only on the basis of hydrological calculations of the absence of deterioration of water quality in the water intake section.

3.3.2.5. The use of chemical methods for controlling eutrophication of water bodies is allowed provided that preparations that have a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation are used.

3.3.2.6. In the presence of navigation, it is necessary to equip ships, landing stages and firewalls with devices for collection of fan and sub-water and solid waste; Equipment on the docks of drain stations and receivers for the collection of solid waste.

3.3.3. Activities for the second belt

In addition to the activities specified in section 3.3.2, within the second zone of the SOS of surface water sources, the activities of paragraphs 3.2.2.4, paragraph 1, 3.2.3.1, 3.2.3.2, and the following are subject to implementation.

3.3.3.1. There is no logging of the main use and reconstruction forests, as well as the fixing of standing timber and the logging fund for long-term use for logging enterprises. Only logging and sanitary felling of the forest are allowed.

3.3.3.2. Prohibition of the location of camps and grazing, as well as any other use of a reservoir and land, forest land within a coastal strip of at least 500 m width, which can lead to deterioration in quality or a decrease in the amount of water from the source of water supply.

3.3.3.3. The use of water sources within the second zone of SOS for bathing, hiking, water sports and fishing is allowed in established places, provided that hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters, as well as hygienic requirements for recreational areas of water bodies, are observed.

3.3.3.4. Within the boundaries of the second zone of the sanitary protection zone, industrial, agricultural, urban and storm sewage discharges are prohibited, the content of which contains chemicals and microorganisms that exceeds the established ones health rules   hygienic standards of water quality.

3.3.3.5. The boundaries of the second zone of the ZSO at the intersection of roads, hiking trails, etc. are designated by posts with special signs (annex 2).

3.4. ACTIVITIES IN THE SANITARY AND PROTECTIVE BAND OF WATERS

3.4.1. There should be no sources of contamination of soil and groundwater within the sanitary protection zone of water lines.

3.4.2. It is not allowed to lay water conduits in the territory of landfills, wastewater fields, filtration fields, irrigation fields, cemeteries, cattle cemeteries, as well as laying of main water conduits in the territory of industrial and agricultural enterprises.

Build, in general, you can.

To further clarify the issue, we turned to the local water canal, where we were told that the object was secret. What is clear is water for the capital. And recommended to contact the Mosvodokanal. Which we did, but there is no answer yet.

The second way, we turned to the local Rospotrebnadzor for help, but have not received a reply yet.

In the cadastre, there are different information that landowners put in there since the 1990s. Trust this information is not necessary. They sometimes contradict each other.

Received data from 15.10.2014. "Sanitary-protective strip, in the end, was 10 meters, according to the official response of Rospotrebnadzor." Because the water flows on it unpeeled.

Security zone of sewer networks   Is an important issue that often country houses. Often independent device   system does not provide for compulsory accounting of existing standards. Because of which water supply   this or that object remains in danger. It is worth to get acquainted with this moment and clarify the standards so as not to make mistakes on your own site.

Sewerage protection zone   provides complete security for various objects. Most of the problems are caused by water supply, which, if not properly located wells   can completely deteriorate. System   must be at a certain distance. So calculations are a prerequisite for the work of professionals.

Even when creating pressure sewage   should be considered GOST. Its data are obligatory for execution, therefore should pass in a certain place. For this reason, experts advise to take seriously the figures, because MOUNT DOWN   it will easily indicate its location.

What is forbidden to do in the sewage protection zone?

Security zones of water supply and sewerage   force to take seriously the work being carried out. Gasket pipeline   does not allow subsequently makes standards   and to refuse some actions. What is it about?

• Trees are planted at a distance of 3 meters from the collectors;
• Ground can not be removed or added;
• The device of dumps and warehouse buildings is excluded;
• Pile and subversive work is prohibited;
• It is forbidden to apply drilling and impact installations;
• Access to facilities should remain open;
• Construction work is carried out by special permission.

When it is arranged torrential   Closed sewage, SNIP   recalls certain requirements. If a gasket is required sewage networks, the work immediately becomes more complicated. These actions must be carried out rigorously, because rule   allows to avoid damage to the finished pipeline.

What happens when the requirements are violated?

When storm water protection zone   It is not taken into account when performing other works, serious trouble appears. Some of them appear instantly, and others - with the passage of time. In any case, a person should take these issues seriously, because they often turn out to be critical.

• Breakthrough of the pipeline;
• Collapse wells;
• Changing the angle of inclination.

Similar problems without serious repair work   it will not work. Because of this secured territory   any sewage collector   necessarily taken into account by professionals. They eliminate possible troubles to ensure the stable operation of the entire system.

What features are taken into account when calculating the guard zone?

How many meters   should you leave it to the water source? The foundation? These questions people are trying to find answers on the Internet, but they just need to apply the established norms. So, MOUNT DOWN   tells you how far from him there should be a sewer. What are the environmental parameters used for the calculations?

• Seismological activity;
• Average temperature;
• Available moisture indicators;
• Characteristics of the soil.

Today the simplest drainage   the system is based on the data presented. They are shown for different regions, so the details are most easily clarified by professionals. If there is no such possibility, the help will come INSTALLATION   and GOSTs. Using the data from them, it will be possible to draw certain conclusions that will allow us to quickly produce the required work.

Distances to different objects

MOUNT DOWN   suggests that the location of objects should be specific. In advance it is necessary to choose the right places, guided by the project, so as not to make serious mistakes. You should refer to various conditions, highlighting the most significant indicators.

Communications within the city

The most difficult to build backbone   pipeline in urban conditions. Dense buildings do not allow you to freely choose a location, so the designers of communications have to make careful calculations. What distances do you need to consider?

• Depending on the diameter of the pipes, the distance to the water pipe varies from 1.5 to 5 meters;
• Before the storm sewage system - 0.4 meters;
• Depending on the pressure in the gas pipeline, the distance varies from 1 to 5 meters;
• To the heating systems - 1 meter.

The requirements are indicated on the basis of existing SNIPs. Certain guarded   the object provides the necessary input data that is applied in practice, giving precise indicators for the subsequent location. This information remains fundamental for professionals. They are based on it, therefore, even in urban conditions, new communications regularly appear.

Longitudinal arrangement of water supply and sewerage system

Longitudinal location rain   sanitation and water supply also describes INSTALLATION. He suggests where the system can be laid, based solely on the diameter of the pipes. What data should I remember?

• The diameter is 1 meter - 10 meters;
• More than 1 meter - 20 meters;
• Laying in wet ground - 50 meters.

These data are constant. Condoning is not allowed, as it can adversely affect water supply. Respectively, installation   subject to stringent requirements.

Sewage networks can not be laid in sanitary zones of main water pipes.

Water protection zones

When work is planned in the water protection zone, protective   layer increases, but even in this case it is necessary to remember certain distances. Building   the object itself causes irreparable harm to the environment, and the collector turns into a real problem. Which indicators are more important than others?

• 250 meters to the river bank;
• 100 meters to the shore of the lake;
• 50 meters from underground sources.

You can not break demands. After laying, you can completely disrupt the ecological situation in the area, so specialists accurately calculate distances. It should be noted that in accordance with the legislation on environmental protection, serious administrative punishment is provided for the detection of violations.

Sewerage is a complex system that can harm various objects. Practice shows that the current requirements are not in vain regularly checked for each region. Only this excludes the danger of damage to the work of certain objects, so professionals are serious about design.