An example of projects of organization of SZO water intake artesian wells. Project of sanitary protection zones for water supply
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- Topics:
- Journal "Housing: Journal of the Head and Chief Accountant"
The main purpose of the organization of zones health protection prevent pollution and depletion of sources of centralized drinking water supply, and water supply facilities and the surrounding area, which affects the sanitary regime of the source of water supply.
G.A. Sambursky,
cand. tech. Sci., Associate Professor, Head of the Water Treatment Department of the Russian Association of Water Supply and Sanitation
In this article you will read:
- Project of sanitary protection zone of water supply
- Boundary zones of sanitary protection of wells
Project of sanitary protection zone of water supply: designation of zones for sanitary protection of wells
It is impossible to guarantee the proper quality of drinking water in the water supply system if the proper sanitation of the source itself is not ensured. For example, in a reservoir that is a source of drinking water supply, poisonous substances or water-giving tangible smell, or color may come in with industrial effluents. Typical stages of water treatment for surface water source - sedimentation, coagulation, filtration and decontamination - do not always solve the problem of cleaning up possible contaminants, since the barrier function of water treatment facilities is rather narrowly focused and depends on the quality of the source of water supply. That is why sanitary protection zones are established.
- Federal Law on Water Supply and Sanitation
Calculation of SIZ dimensions is based on the need to ensure water quality that meets the hygienic requirements for water sources of centralized drinking water supply, in the closing sections (hydroschemes) of each hydraulic engineering system of the first order.
Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and operation of SOS water supply sources and drinking water pipelines are established by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 10 of 14.03.2002 "On putting into operation sanitary rules and norms "zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water pipelines of drinking purpose. SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02 "(hereinafter referred to as" SanPiN "). According to § 1.4. SanPiN SSS are organized on all water pipes, regardless of their departmental affiliation, supplying water from both surface and underground sources.
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Composition of zones of sanitary protection
The boundaries and the SST regime of sources of drinking and domestic water supply are established by the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation (paragraph 5 of Article 18 of the Federal Law "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" No. 52-FZ of 30.03.1999). Zones of sanitary protection, according to SanPiN, are organized in three belts.
The first belt (strict regime belt) is the territory of water intakes, water supply facilities and water distribution canal. As a rule, it is managed by water utilities or other operating organizations. This belt is designed to protect the water intake site and water intake facilities from accidental or deliberate contamination and damage. Sanitary measures for the first belt in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN are carried out by the organization of the water supply and sewerage system or other owners of water pipes. Sanitary measures are carried out at the expense of the own funds of the organizations (owners).
The second and third belts (belts of restrictions) cover the territory intended to prevent water pollution from water supply sources. These territories are not included in the vodokanals. The rights to land for the implementation of measures in the second and third belts by water utilities have not been determined. From the meaning of § 1.5 and sub. "A" and "b" of paragraph 1.15 of the SanPiN also do not imply that it is the owner of the water pipelines who must organize the second and third belts of the ZSO.
In order to oblige owners of facilities located in the second and third belts to carry out sanitary measures, it is first of all necessary to establish the project of the border of the ZSO where they are absent. In the absence of a project, you can not require the owner of an object (site) to perform activities or remove an object from the ZSO.
Organization of zones of sanitary protection of wells
The principal decision on the feasibility of organizing the ZSOs is adopted at the stage of the district planning project or the master plan of the settlement, when the source of water supply is selected (paragraph 1.9 of the SanPiN). When choosing the source of household and drinking water supply for a particular facility, the possibility of organizing a SSS should be determined at the stage of choosing a site for the construction of a water intake.
Before organizing the SIS, you need to develop its project. The ZSO project should be component project of domestic and drinking water supply and developed simultaneously with it (paragraph 1.11 SanPiN). For existing water pipelines that do not have designated sanitary protection zones, the draft SSS is developed specifically. Obviously, in general, the project of household water supply is the prerogative of the activity of the local government (hereinafter - LSG)
The draft ZCO should include:
- the definition of the boundaries of the zone and its constituent belts;
- a plan of measures to improve the sanitary condition of the territory and prevent pollution of the source;
- rules and mode economic use territories of the three belts.
After the development, the draft ZSS is coordinated in the territorial department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. On the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the selection to the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, the customer presents materials describing the source of water supply, including the approximate boundaries of the SZO and possible sources of pollution (paragraph 1.10 of the SanPiN).
Projects of districts and zones of sanitary protection of water bodies used for drinking, domestic water supply are approved by the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation or by local government bodies (Part 4, Article 18 of the Federal Law No. 52-FZ of March 30, 1999).
The organization and development of aqueducts, as well as the publication of legal acts in this field of activity, are the responsibility of municipal entities (cl. 20, part 1, article 14, subparagraph, 26 part 1 article 16 of Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003 "About general principles organization of local self-government in Russian Federation"). The creation of municipal enterprises is the right of local self-government bodies (Article 51 of Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003). At the same time, LSGs, carrying out the functions and powers of the founder of a municipal enterprise, determine the objectives, conditions and procedures for the operation of municipal enterprises and institutions. Thus, the definition of the customer regarding the development of the ZSOs can be interpreted depending on the charter of the municipal enterprise, i.e., depending on the conditions and the order of activities defined for it by the LSG.
quality controlThe necessary measures for the organization of the ZSOs as a whole should be taken by the local government and executive authorities of the relevant subjects of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the customer of such work should be either a local government body or, according to delegated authority, a municipal enterprise responsible for centralized water supply of the population.
The apparent simplicity of the necessary actions has attracted a large number of "specialists" in this field, oriented to quick earnings. Do not flatter yourself. A qualitative and full-fledged calculation, which will pass the examination, is possible only when performing a full range of field and cameral work. Conclusions on the definition of the boundaries of the second zone of the ZSZ are most often issued in the framework of pre-trial "expert opinions" or appointed forensic examinations. If claims to the accuracy and validity of the project arise, the case may be ruined. Therefore, an experienced specialist (company) working in the field of hydrology, hydraulic engineering and water management, who has relevant experience and recommendations on implemented projects, should be involved in the drafting of the BSS.
FOR YOUR INFORMATION
The Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Volgograd Region, based on the results of the inspection, issued an order from the administration of the Priozerny rural settlement of the Pallasovsky Municipal District of the Volgograd Region to eliminate breaches of the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of protecting consumer rights and sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population,
Fencing of the first belt of the sanitary protection zone of the artesian well;
Special sign of the sanitary protection zone (ZSO).
Administration did not comply with the injunction. The magistrate decided to bring her to administrative responsibility under Part 1 of Art. 19.5 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation and subject to a fine of 10 thousand rubles. The district court upheld the ruling without change.
- Wastewater treatment and disinfection: problems
The head of the settlement challenged the decisions of the courts. However, the Volgograd Regional Court found that the local government was lawfully prosecuted under Part 1 of Art. 19.5 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation for failure to comply with the order of the administrative authority on the elimination of violations of the law in due time, since they do not have fences for the first zone of the sanitary protection zone of the artesian well, as well as fences in cemeteries for garbage collection, there is no special sign for the sanitary protection zone.
What is SSS?
At the source of the water supply, in particular the well, there are several zones of sanitary protection (shortened ZSOs):If it is required to reduce the ZCO of the 1st belt, then it is necessary to write a draft justification for reducing the sanitary protection zone of the water supply source.
The following documents will be required for the development of the ZSO arsenic well project:
1. Master plan of scale 1: 500 (1: 1000 or 1: 2000 for large enterprises);
2. Situational plan of scale 1: 2000 (or 1: 5000, 1:10 000);
3. Well Data Sheet with the geophysical research ;
4. Calculation of water consumption and water disposal ;
5. The current subsoil use license (freshwater extraction) ;
Then the project is coordinated in the local service of the SES or the Regional SES.
The project of sanitary protection zones is the justification for placing a local treatment plant (VOC) on the construction site. VOCs should be located outside the 2nd zone of the sanitary protection zone of the source of water supply (in this case, wells);
In addition to calculating the SSS, the project includes a hydrogeological and sanitary-epidemiological description of the site on which the wells are located or
The project of the organization of a zone of sanitary protection of water intake (project ЗСО)
What is the sanitary protection zone project?
The Sanitary Protection Zone Project (ZSO) is a document that establishes the boundaries of a territory with a special mode of use to ensure quality protection groundwater for the period of operation of water intake. The WSS draft of groundwater abstraction is developed both for existing water intakes and for planned water intakes in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4. 1110-02 "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water pipelines for drinking purposes".
Water intakes should be sources of centralized drinking and domestic water supply. Centralized water supply means that underground waters from water wells are delivered to each consumer through a water distribution network. If the consumer himself goes for water to a water column arranged above the well, the project is not drawn up, but the special regime of the area around the water intake should be complied with in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02 "Hygienic requirements for water quality of non-centralized water supply. Sanitary protection of sources ".
In addition, the BSS project is not developed for users of subsoil, which uses extracted groundwater exclusively for the technological needs of the enterprise.
The main purpose of creating and maintaining the regime in the sanitary protection zone of wells is to protect from pollution sources of water supply, waterworks and artesian wells, as well as the territories on which they are located. The organization of the sanitary protection zone of the water intake is the organization of three belts, each of which must comply with the SanPiN standards:
The first zone of the ZSO (I ZOZ belt). Zone I of the belt is a zone of strict regime, which excludes access of unauthorized persons; on its territory only water intake and objects connected with it can be located (overhead building, control station, water treatment station, Rozhnovsky tower, etc.). The boundary of the first belt is set at a distance of at least 30 m from the water intake - when using protected groundwater and at a distance of not less than 50 m - when using insufficiently protected groundwater. The boundary of the first zone of the SOS of group water intakes should be at a distance of at least 30 and 50 m from the extreme wells.
If the normative distance is not maintained and there is no possibility of organizing 1 zone of the sanitary protection zone at a distance of 30 m from the well with the use of a protected aquifer, a reduction of 1 ZCO belt is allowed. In such a case, a draft reduction of the belt of the sanitary protection zone of water intake wells is prepared, and after that a project of organization of a sanitary protection zone for water intake wells is developed.
The strict regime belt is designed to ensure reliable protection of water intake facilities from deliberate or accidental pollution. In this territory is strictly prohibited the residence of people, as well as the construction and placement of any structures and buildings that are not directly related to the operation of water intake. The presence of unauthorized persons, the maintenance of domestic animals and agricultural livestock, the use of pesticides and organic fertilizers for crops and plantations are strictly prohibited on the territory of the 1st ZSO belt.
The territory of the 1st ZSO belt is under protection. This land is alienated, inside the strict regime zone, an artificial cover is usually created for artesian wells-asphalt or gravel-pebble, and the rest of the territory must be covered with grassy vegetation, there should not be high-tree trees. To prevent the contamination of the territory of the strict regime belt, the land plots located in close proximity to its boundaries require certain improvement. Especially the given measures concern territories with the inhabited and industrial objects located on them;
The second belt of the ZSO (II zone of the ZSO). Zone II of the belt is a zone designed to protect groundwater from microbial contamination. The boundary of the second belt is calculated based on the survival time of microbes in different climatic regions (100, 200 and 400 days), the degree of protection of the operational aquifer from surface contamination and its characteristics, including filtration.
Within the II zone of the ZSO, it is forbidden to maintain all types of construction leading to the destruction of the overlying aquifer of rocks and seams. In addition, it is strictly forbidden to pollute the territory of the 2nd belt of SOS with sewage, apply pesticides and fertilizers. The second zone also prohibits the placement of cemeteries, cattle cemeteries, storages, fuel depots, landfills, livestock and poultry farms, grazing, plowing of land, etc .;
The third belt of the zone of sanitary protection (III zone of ZSO). Zone of the third belt is a zone designed to protect groundwater from chemical contamination. The boundary of the third belt is calculated based on the estimated operation time of the water intake (the depreciation life of the well is 25 years or 10,000 days) and the characteristics of the operational aquifer, including filtration ones. There are a number of restrictions on the use of the territory of the third zone of the sanitary protection zone. It is strictly prohibited to place any objects that can cause chemical pollution. Such facilities include sludge accumulators, mineral fertilizer warehouses, pesticides, petroleum products, etc.
Documents on water intake facilities (well passports, geological and technical sections, etc.), protocols for the study of groundwater quality for compliance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 " Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control. Hygienic requirements for ensuring the safety of hot water systems "and SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02" Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for the quality of water packaged in a container. Quality control "(if filling is performed).
Normative and calculated contours of the boundaries of zones for water intakes of low productivity and in the practical absence of a natural flow of groundwater are in the form of concentric circles. The calculated contours of the boundaries of the zones for water intakes of considerable productivity and in the presence of a natural flow of groundwater have the form of an ellipse. In the final form, the contours of the zones are generalized and presented to the coordination and approval in the form of squares and rectangles. The sizes of zones are more often at typical autonomous water supply an enterprise or a cottage community is from the first tens of meters to hundreds of meters. The zone of the first belt, based on the requirements for its equipment and maintenance, should be located within the land plot of the owner of the water intake.
The rationale and calculation of the boundaries of the WSS of groundwater abstraction is carried out by the leading hydrogeologists of LLC "Ekolayt", taking into account all the hydrogeological conditions of the site and the location of the water intake. The characteristics of the hydrogeological and sanitary conditions of the territory of the water intake location is an obligatory part of the project. In addition, the project provides data on the design of water intake wells, their operational characteristics, the equipment of surface water intake elements, and the water supply network. The textual part of the project is illustrated by the corresponding graphics: maps, cuts, SSR plan.
Agreement process
The approval of the draft SZO requires an examination in the FBUZ "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region", obtaining a sanitary and epidemiological report at the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Voronezh Region, carrying out an examination of the SZO project in the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Voronezh Region.
When working in other regions of Russia - the relevant local government bodies.
In addition, within the framework of the approval of the ZSO project, an artesian well and calculated sanitary protection zones are cadastral.
What is the list of documents for the development of the ZSO project?
The list of documents required for the development of the draft SZO water intake of groundwater drinking and domestic purposes, includes up to 16 titles. Please note that in the absence of some documents (for your convenience we have designated them as "asterisks"), the approval of the draft of the SIS in the executive authorities of the subject of the Russian Federation is not made.
So, here's the full list:
*1. License for the right to use subsoil for the purpose of water supply facilities (enterprises, population, etc.) due to groundwater.
2. Documentation on water wells (passports, registration cards, certificates on the registration of wells in the state register, pump equipment, measuring instruments - flowmeter, level gauge).
3. Documentation on over-the-earth structures (ground pavilions, underground chambers).
4. Documentation on water intake equipment: control stations, control tanks, water treatment plants, etc.
5. Presence and actual dimensions of the ZSO I water intake belt and its equipment (fencing, planning, drainage, vegetation, etc.).
6. The water abstraction regime is actual in the context of the day and the calendar year (form 2TP-vodkhoz).
7. Calculation of the balance of water consumption and wastewater (normative calculation).
8. Protocols of laboratory tests of groundwater quality for compliance with the specifications for the intended purpose (SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01, SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02, GN 2.1.5.1315-03).
9. The plan of the land plot of the enterprise, combined with the plan for the location of all objects and water wells, in a scale of 1: 10000 - 1: 25000 and in a scale of 1: 500 - 1: 1000.
10. Scheme of water consumption and wastewater systems, providing information on the location of fence sites and discharges of sewage and (or) drainage water with water networks.
11. The program of industrial laboratory quality control of groundwater, agreed with the FBUC "TsGiE".
*12. Documents certifying the right to use the land plot by the owner of the water intake.
13. Previous draft of the SIS, if any.
14. Documents on inspections (water intake facilities) by the supervisory authorities (Rospotrebnadzor, Rosprirodnadzor, Prosecutor's Office).
15. Statutory documents.
*16. The examination report by the specialists of the FBU "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology"
The composition of the project ZSO
The draft SSS includes:
- Characteristics of water consumption and water disposal of the enterprise;
- Characteristics of hydrogeological conditions of work;
- Characteristics of the sanitary condition of water supply sources;
- Characteristics of groundwater quality;
- Determination of the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone
- List of activities on the territory of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd zones of the sanitary protection zone (ZSO);
- Rules and regime of economic use of the territory of the BSS.
- Cartographic and graphic material;
- Calculation of zones of sanitary protection of water intake;
- Calculation of the size of the depression funnel of production wells for the final term of operation at the water intake site;
- Calculation of the lowering of the groundwater level for the final life of the wells.
Who needs the ZSO project
All industrial enterprises, kindergartens, camps and municipal administrations, that is, organizations that operate artesian wells and have a license to use subsoil for the purpose of mining / geological study of fresh groundwater for drinking, domestic water supply.
When you need a project ZSO
There is / is planned to drill an artesian well or water pipe for drinking, domestic water supply
Plumbing in a new building
It is planned to replace (part) the water supply system
When to choose the source of water supply during the construction phase
Validity of the project
The action of a ready-made project of the WSS organization is unlimited. However, it is necessary to take into account that when making changes to the license in order to increase the volume of water taken, it is necessary to develop a new draft of SZW taking into account the new volume of water taken.
Is it obligatory to do the draft of the ZSO?
Liability for lack of documentation
We are often asked whether it is necessary to do a draft of the ZSS within the scope of a work under a license for geological study.
Firstly, the draft ZSO should be done in the case when the purposes of water supply presuppose drinking and domestic water use.
Secondly, until some time, the draft SZO was a part of license obligations under a license for geological study and was listed directly in the appendix to the license in the item "subsoil user obligations". Now such an obligation is often not specified in the appendix to the license. Thus, the drafting of a draft ZSW of groundwater abstraction (water intake well) and its coordination in the bodies of Rospotrebnadzor (positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion) are no longer license obligations, but in their absence the subsoil user can not obtain a sanitary and epidemiological report for the use of a water body (water intake area) of groundwater.
The absence of a sanitary and epidemiological report does not allow preparing the application documents for the registration of a license for the extraction of groundwater in the required volume. In other words, without a draft SOS you will not get a production license.
In addition, the absence of the draft ZSOs threatens the imposition of administrative fines.
Without the project, the enterprise has nothing to show to Rosprirodnadzor, if it suspects them of causing damage to the water body. The inspection bodies have the right and will apply penalties.
Administrative responsibility (No. 195-FZ of 30.12.2001, articles 8.13-15):
Pollution of water, violation of the rules for the operation of water facilities - 10 - 20 thousand rubles for legal entities
Pollution, clogging / depletion of sources - 30 - 40 thousand rubles for legal entities.
Violation of the rules for water intake, discharge of sewage into water bodies - 10 - 20 thousand rubles or suspension of activities up to 90 days for legal entities.
If the volume of water abstraction from water bodies is not taken into account and the volume of discharge of drainage and / or sewage is taken into account, and also their quality (Water Code of the Russian Federation, No. 74-FZ, issued on June 03, 2006. Paragraph 5 of Article 39, part 2, Established by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources No. 205 of August 8, 2009. The procedure for the owners of water bodies and water users to account for the volume of abstraction (removal) of water resources from water bodies and the volume of discharge of sewage and (or) drainage water - items 6 and 9) art. Administrative Code: Article 8.14 part 1.
In accordance with it, the fines are as follows:
- for citizens from 500 to 1000 rubles,
- for officials, the fine is from 10,000 rubles to 20,000 rubles,
- for individual entrepreneurs (persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities without the formation of a legal entity) a fine of 20,000 to 30,000 rubles or an administrative termination of activities for up to 3 months (90 days),
- legal entities will be fined for the amount of 80,000 rubles to 100,000 rubles or the termination of activities for up to 90 days
The cost of developing a project for the organization of the sanitary protection zone (ZCO project) is calculated individually and depends on the completeness of the initial information, the number of artesian wells, the protection of the aquifer, the need to reduce the belt of the ZSO.
For example, a project for the organization of a single well water well will cost you approximately 60,000 rubles, taking into account the cadastral registration of an artesian well.
If it is necessary to shorten the 1 st zone of SSS, the cost of work is increased by approximately 20,000 rubles. However, the possibility of reduction directly depends on the protection of the aquifer. If unprotected groundwater is used, the abbreviation of the 1 st ZCO belt is inadmissible.
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