Calculating the water consumption of an apartment building is an example. Calculation of water consumption

The construction of communications during the erection or modernization of the house is a rather complex and responsible process. Already at the design stage of these two important engineering systems   It is necessary to know and strictly follow the rules of water supply and sanitation in order to avoid further operational problems and conflicts with environmental services.

"Rules of cold water supply and water disposal" - this is the full title of the document approved on July 29, 2013 for N 644. The last edition is December 2016, changes and additions are effective from 04.01.2017.

The rules determine the relationship of subscribers (consumers of services) and organizations that supply them, on the basis of binding contracts.

The conclusion of a contract for the supply of water and sanitation will not take long, if in advance to collect a full package of necessary securities (+)

The document also considers:

• consumers of services - individuals, budget organizations, enterprises, etc .;
• algorithm for connecting objects to the CA (central systems);
• the account of the let off water, the account of the taken out drains, quality of the control;
• consumers who are obliged to take into account the discharge of effluents into the CA by measuring devices;
• calculation of compensation for discharging excessively polluted sewage, the procedure for informing about changes in their composition and properties (filing of declarations);
• standards, a mechanism for monitoring their use in practice, determining the size of excess fees;

Should be considered and provided, and, if necessary, access to water and sewerage systems   subscriber, to the points of water extraction and sewage to the sample.

Declaration on the composition and properties of waste water - it is handed over to certain categories of subscribers (+)

How to draw up a water balance

Calculation of the ratio of water consumption and wastewater is made for each object individually with an assessment of its specificity. Consideration is given to the purpose of the building or premises, the number of future users, the minimum (maximum) estimated water consumption for household or production needs. Water is taken into account all - drinking, technical, reuse, waste water, storm discharge into the sewer.

Goals and tasks solved by the composition of the balance:

1. obtaining a permit for water consumption and water disposal when connected to a centralized system;
2. choice of water and sewer pipes   optimal diameter;
3. calculation of other parameters - for example, the power of a submersible pump, if it is a question of use in a private homeowner's well;
4. obtaining a license for the right to use natural resources (again, again, for the above example - its own independent source of water);
5. the conclusion of second-class contracts - for example, you rent a square in an office center, the owner of a building is the subscriber of the water channel, and all tenants receive water from the owner (the owner) of the water pipe and drain them into the sewer. Therefore, it is necessary to pay the owner of the building.

The water balance sheet is a table in which the ratio of used water and discharged effluents per year is given. There is no single form of such a table approved at the federal level, but the initiative is not prohibited, and the water utilities offer their samples of filling for clients.

The balance of water consumption and sanitation can be compiled independently in MS Excel or take the help of specialists-designers for sewerage and water supply (+)

In general, the composition of the water balance for a small company will look like this:

• Step 1.   We enter in the first three columns consumer groups with numbering, name and quantitative characteristics.
• Step 2.   We are looking for standards for each group for water consumption, using internal technical regulations   (on the operation of sanitary facilities and showers), certificates (from the personnel department on the number of staff, from the dining room on the number of dishes, from the laundry about the amounts of washing), SNiP 2.04.01-85 - "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings".
• Step 3.   We calculate the total water consumption (m3 / day), determine the sources of water supply.
• Step 4.   We make data on water disposal, noting separately the irrevocable losses (watering lawns, water in the pool and other that does not go to the sewer).

As a result, a reasonable difference between water disposal and water consumption can be 10-20%. The value of up to 5% is neglected, as a rule, and believe that draining into the sewer is 100%.

In addition to timely payment for water supply and sanitation services, the subscriber assumes other obligations (+)

Requirements for installing meters on water

Accurately calculated water management balance is a significant argument in justifying the payment for the use of water. With it, you can try to challenge the inflated average supplier tariffs, which include the cost of water losses from accidents on the pipeline, repair work, leaks in cellars, to prove the necessity of taking into account the factor of seasonality, etc.

Practice shows, however, that the truth is not easy to achieve, and the best way is to install a water meter. According to his testimony, the amount of water used is determined to a drop.

In the presence of a meter, the calculation for water is simplified: the indicator removed from the scoreboard is multiplied by the price of 1 cubic meter of water. Counting devices are installed both on pipes with cold, and with hot water. It is important to monitor the integrity of the seals and periodically (once every few years) to check serviceability.

For sewer systems, counters waste water   are not provided for (except for specific industrial enterprises). Their volume is equal to the volume of water consumed.

Individual and common house water meters contribute to saving of housing and communal expenses. The amount of money in the receipt directly depends on the number of saved cubic meters. Mass introduction of water meters into discipline also discourages employees of water utilities. Uncontrolled write-off to the consumer of losses from water losses on worn out water and sewage networks is now impossible.

The rules of water supply are supplemented with provisions concerning the installation of meters and their commissioning. You can install the device yourself and invite a master to the home for sealing.

There are two requirements for installing a water meter:

1. put in front of the appliance coarse cleaning   to protect against small debris, located in tap water;
2. use check valve   at the output of the meter in order to prevent its unwinding in the opposite direction.

Before purchasing a meter it is necessary to check its passport data and check it with the numbers available on the case and details of the device. It is also necessary to inquire about the verifications carried out and to verify the availability of the installation kit.

Check the operation of the purchased device before purchasing it and before connecting it to the main

Examples of calculation of water consumption and water disposal

The load on pipelines and devices ensuring uninterrupted water supply to various sanitary equipment (kitchen sink, bathroom faucet, toilet bowl, etc.) depends on the flow rate. In * calculation of water consumption, the maximum water flow per day, hour and second (both general and cold and hot separately) is determined, and for water disposal * there is a calculation technique.

Based on the results obtained, the parameters of the water supply system are established in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01-85 - "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings" and some additional (diameter of the passage of the meter, etc.).

Example 1.

Initial data:

Private cottage with gas water heater, 4 people live in it. Sanitary appliances:

• tap in the bathroom - 1;
• toilet bowl with flushing cistern in the bathroom - 1;
• tap in the sink in the kitchen - 1.

It is required to calculate the water flow and select the cross-section of the supply pipes in the bathroom, bathroom, kitchen, as well as the minimum diameter of the input pipe - the one that connects the house to a centralized system or a source of water supply. Other parameters from the above building codes for a private home are not relevant.

The methodology for calculating water consumption is based on formulas and normative reference material (+)

1. Water flow rate (max) in 1 sec. calculated by the formula:

Qsec = 5 × q × k (l / s), where:

q - water flow rate in 1 sec. for one device under item 3.2. For a bathroom, a bathroom and a kitchen - 0.25 l / sec, 0.1 l / sec, 0.12 l / sec, respectively (Appendix 2).

k is the coefficient from Appendix 4. It is determined by the probability of the action of plumbing (P) and their number (n).

2. We define P:

P = (m × q1) / (q × n × 3600), where

m - people, m = 4 people;

q1 - the total maximum rate of water consumption per hour of maximum consumption, q1 = 10.5 l / h (annex 3, the presence of a water pipe, bathroom, gas water heater, sewerage);

q - water consumption for one device in 1 second;

n is the number of sanitary units, n = 3.

Note: since the q value is different, we replace q * n by summing the corresponding digits.

P = (4 × 10.5) / ((0.25 + 0.1 + 0.12) × 3600) = 0.0248

3. Knowing P and n, we define k according to Table 2 of Appendix 4:

k = 0,226 - bathroom, toilet, kitchen (based on n × P, ie 1 × 0.0248 = 0.0248)

k = 0,310 - cottage as a whole (based on n × P, ie 3 × 0.0248 = 0.0744)

4. We define Q sec:

bathroom Q s = 5 × 0.25 × 0.222 = 0.283 l / sec

bathroom Q s = 5 × 0,1 × 0,226 = 0,113 l / s

kitchen Q sec = 5 × 0.12 × 0.222 = 0.136 l / sec

cottage as a whole Q sec = 5 × (0,25 + 0,1 + 0,12) × 0,310 = 0,535 l / sec

So, the water flow is received. We now calculate the cross-section (internal diameter) of the pipes according to the formula:

D = √ ((4 × Q s) / (PI × V)) (m), where:

V is the speed of the water flow, m / sec. V = 2.5 m / s according to item 7.6;

Q sec - water flow rate in 1 sec., M3 / sec.
  bathroom
  D = √ ((4 × 0.283 / 1000) / (3.14 × 2.5)) = 0.012 m or 12 mm
  a bathroom
  D = √ ((4 × 0.113 / 1000) / (3.14 × 2.5)) = 0.0076 m or 7.6 mm
  kitchen
  D = √ ((4 × 0.136 / 1000) / (3.14 × 2.5)) = 0.0083 m or 8.3 mm
  cottage in general
  D = √ ((4 × 0.535 / 1000) / (3.14 × 2.5)) = 0.0165 m or 16.5 mm

Thus, the bathroom requires a pipe with an internal section of at least 12 mm, for a bathroom - 7.6 mm, a kitchen sink - 8.3 mm. The minimum diameter of the inlet pipe to supply 3 plumbing appliances is 16.5 mm.

Example 2.

Those who are frightened by the abundance of formulas can make a simpler calculation. It is believed that the average person consumes 200-250 liters of water per day. Then the daily intake for a family of 4 people will be 800-1000 liters, and monthly consumption - 24000-30000 liters (24-30 cubic meters). In private houses in the yards there are swimming pools, summer showers, systems drip irrigation, ie, part of the water consumption is irretrievably taken out to the street.

About a quarter of the total volume of water intended for domestic and household needs is discharged into the toilet bowl

Consumption of water increases, but still there is a suspicion that the approximate standard of 200-250 liters is unjustifiably overstated. And indeed, after the installation of water meters, the same family, without changing their everyday habits, winds 12-15 cube on the counter. m, and in the economy mode it turns out even less - 8-10 cu. m.

The principle of water disposal in a city apartment is: how much water is consumed, so much and drain into the sewer. Consequently, without a counter, up to 30 cu. m, and with a meter - no more than 15 cu. m. Since in the private sector not all the consumed water comes back to the sewage system, it would be fair to use a reduction factor in the calculation of water disposal: 12-15 m3 × 0.9 = 10.8-13.5 cu. m.

Both examples are conditional, but the table with a real calculation of consumption and diversion of water, which only a qualified engineer can do, must be available to all economic entities (enterprises, housing stock), taking water for drinking, sanitary and industrial needs and discharges drains. Responsibility for the reliability of the data used in the calculation rests with the water user.

In the bathroom and toilet the apartment owner in a multi-storey house uses water more often than in the kitchen. The owner of a country cottage needs water use priorities depending on the full or partial availability of amenities

Rationing is the basic rule of any calculation

Each region has its own water consumption rates (drinking, sanitation, household and farming). This is explained by different geographical location, weather factors. Let us take the daily norms of the volumetric parameters of water consumption and water disposal, distributed for needs in the economy and everyday life. Do not forget that they are the same for the supply and removal of water, but depend on how well the dwelling is landscaped.

Normative values ​​of water consumption:

• with a street water column - from 40 to 100 liters per person;
• apartment house without baths - 80/110;
• the same with baths and gas heaters – 150/200;
• with centralized cold and hot water supply - 200-250.

To care for pets, the bird also has water consumption norms. They include the costs of harvesting pens, cages and feeders, feeding, etc. The cow provides 70-100 liters, the horse - 60-70 liters, the pig - 25 liters, and for the chicken, turkey or goose - only 1-2 liters.

Because of the small leakage of water, the cost of water supply will grow significantly. Some reserve for unforeseen water consumption is better when calculating the balance

There are standards for the operation of vehicles: tractor equipment - 200-250 liters of water per day, the car - 300-450. It is planned to plan the water discharge for fire fighting for all buildings and structures, regardless of the operational purpose. Even for garden societies, there is no exception: the rate of water consumption for extinguishing fire from the outside is 5 liters per second for 3 hours, internal combustion from 2 to 2.5.

Water for fire extinguishing is taken from the aqueduct. On water pipes   in the wells put fire hydrants. If it is technically unworkable or unprofitable, you will have to take care of a reservoir with a water supply. This water is forbidden to be directed to other purposes, the period of restoration of the reserve in the reservoir is three days.

Consumption of irrigation water per day: 5-12 l / m 2 for trees, bushes and other plantings in the open ground, 10-15 l / m 2 - in greenhouses and greenhouses, 5-6 l / m 2 - for lawn grass and flowerbeds . In industry, each industry has its own peculiarities of water consumption and sewage disposal - the pulp and paper industry, metallurgy, petrochemistry, food industry are water-intensive.

The main purpose of the rationing is to economically justify the norms of water consumption and diversion for the rational use of the water resource.

For the day off (cleaning the apartment, washing, cooking, bathing in the shower and in the bath), the average daily water discharge can be exceeded by 2-3 times (+)

The relationship between water consumers and the service provider

Having entered into contractual relations with the organization of the water supply and sewerage system, you become the consumer of the water supply / sanitation service.

Your rights as a user of the provided service:

• require the supplier to provide continuous service (the normative head of water, the chemical composition of the product safe for life and health);
• apply for installation of water meters;
• require recalculation and payment of penalties in the case of providing the service in an incomplete volume (the certificate must be drawn up within 24 hours after the filing of the application);
• terminate the contract unilaterally, but subject to notification of this for 15 days and full payment for the services received;

The Subscriber has the right to receive information about payment (the state of the personal account) free of charge.

Is there no water or is it leaking? Call the dispatch service and ask for the representative of the Vodokanal to arrive for an act

List of rights of the second party:

• to terminate (with prior notification for a few days) all or part of the supply of water and the reception of drains in the unsatisfactory technical condition of water supply and sewerage systems;
• require access to the customer's territory for the removal of indicators of water meters, inspection of seals, inspection of water and sewage systems;
• carry out scheduled preventive maintenance according to schedule;
• to cut off water to debtors on payment;
• to stop water supply without warning in case of accidents, natural disasters, power outages.

Disputes and disagreements are resolved through negotiations or in court.

Video about ways of calculation and effective economy

How to correctly calculate the flow rate:

Water economist. Water consumption is reduced by 70:

In order to perfectly understand the intricacies of water supply and drainage from the point of view of rules, one must be an expert with a profile education. But we need everyone's general information to understand how much water we get and how much we pay for it. Economical consumption of water and bringing the specific consumption to the level of true needs are not mutually exclusive concepts, and one should strive for this.

Well, tomorrow or the day after tomorrow they were going to relate the statement, in order to get a cherished watermark in a couple of weeks? Well, fine! In the meantime, you have a free evening, get busy with the calculation of water consumption and sanitation.

Water and wastewater: linguistic and financial details

Let's be honest - we can not calculate to the last liter how much water a family needs per month, no genius engineer who is involved in the calculation of water supply and drainage can. By the way, the correct word "drainage" (or drainage) in the human language means "sewerage".

Therefore, having met him in some documents, do not dry your head: "What is it?", But do not think that the sewage system is a continuous toilet. All the water that leaves your water supply network is considered sewer. Moreover, it is up to 90% of the originally filed (you did something to drink and eat in liquid dishes).

Since when obtaining these conditions, you need to specify the maximum real amount of water (yes, when you have paperwork you also have to use such paradoxical terms), you should be bound to the norms and calculate how much water you need.

To do this, it would be nice to look in Appendix 3. Better yet, do not torment yourself with an abundance of formulas written in the "Consumption Water Consumption Standards" (just in point 3), but just use an approximate calculation.

Obviously, you already know how you intend to spend water. For example, if you plan to build a pool or water a lawn in the future, consider this. Otherwise, the small diameter of the laid pipes will not ensure the supply of the right amount of water, which means that while the waterfall is splashing in the pond, the water from the tap will drain into the kitchen with a thin trickle.

Do not go to the other extreme: take into account all the existing sources of water in the world, too, is not worth it. Of course, no one is immune to the jackpot, but you will agree, with an average income you are unlikely to build an "oligarchic" indoor warm swimming pool   volume of 2 000 m3.

We consider the water according to the mind, but not abstruse.

Therefore, to begin with, we determined with water intake points (the so-called places where water starts to flow). After that, use the table:

Note that the table shows the consumption per person. Moreover, children under 14, as the statisticians say, are able to multiply these figures by 2. And, although it is difficult to imagine that for cooking, a 5-year-old child needs not 3, but as much as 6 liters, some statistics take into account some statistics.

In our country there is one very cunning, averaged standard. It is believed that the calculation of water consumption (and water disposal, respectively) should be determined from the fact that the average Russian a day consumes 300 liters of aqua vit. This includes all water supply points that are available inside the house.

This number is multiplied by the number of residents (okay, forget about the "terribly water-consuming" babies).

Q day = 300 x N,   Where

Q day - approximate daily water intake;

300 L is the normative value of water per person.

N - number of residents;

But since we consume water unevenly during the day, wise servants of water-supplying organizations (or someone else, no less intelligent father-founder of the calculation of water consumption and wastewater disposal) decided to supplement 300 liters with an increase factor. And the motivation for such an "arithmetic" is simply deadly: water is consumed unevenly. So, get a Russian consumer K = 1,3.

For us, this means that Q day will increase exactly 1.3 times. And the form will look like this:

Q c ut = 1.3 x 300 x N

True, there is one more, but already a nice lowering factor, taking into account unauthorized (or, as everyone understood, unaccounted for) water expenses. And there are as many as 10%, so the formula is transformed like this:

Q unaccounted for = 0.1 x 1.3 x 300 x N

Coefficient 0.1 in translation from the percentage language mean exactly the very 10%. By the way, water losses from filtration also enter here. Even if you do not have it.

Q total = 1, 3 x 300 x N + 0.1 x 1.3 x 300 x N

If in the yard there are no water "chips" in the form of a pool, artificial pond and fountain, year-old soul   etc. is not expected, and watering or washing (car, bicycle, etc.), too, will not, then in the application for receiving Technical conditions   on the water, boldly enter the number obtained.

If you are going to plant grass on the site, tomatoes, and even baobab, then in the warm season add what you see in the table, taken in paragraph 2

And pay attention to approx. 2, where it is said that watering plants in summer needs 1-2 times. So, multiply the desired figure by 2 (if you fill the garden with dawn and before sunset). The resulting figure is also a plus to Q total.

If you are going to pour water into the pool or pond, once or twice a season you will have to change the water there. Accordingly, multiply the volume by 3 (the first time is also considered) and divide by 12 (the number of months in the year). Get:

Q water = (V bass. + V water body) x 3: 12,   Where

Vbas - volume of the basin;

V water - the volume of the reservoir.

That's how you can roughly calculate the water consumption and water disposal that your family needs after a housewarming party. If even the figures you see seem catastrophic, do not worry: even if you make a mistake, the water meter will give out real costs. And they are sometimes half as much.

Since you will pay for water by the meter, and not by calculations recorded in the TU, then there is nothing to worry about possible settlement errors. !!

»Article about calculation of water consumption. Where we describe how to do it simply and quickly, and also we will offer a simple calculator for quick and automatic calculation.

The calculation of water consumption as a matter first of all arises when it is necessary. There are other areas where this knowledge is useful, but filters are the broadest of them. So we'll stick to the filters in the article. Although the calculation is done without regard to filters.

So, the first step in calculating water consumption - you need to know how many people use water. Agree, the water is spent as much as in the house of people. But, HOW much is this?

According to the state norms, an average of 200-300 liters per person per day. That is, the theoretical water consumption is equal to the number of people multiplied by 200 or 300 (depending on whether they are water lovers or waterfalls 🙂). Here, even a calculator is not needed: 5 people a day pumped out a ton of water, 50 people - 10 tons of water. It is called average water consumption.

It would seem that everything is defined. A filter on five should give 1000 liters of water per day.

However, this is not all! After all, it does not always turn out that the inhabitants of an apartment or a house use water in turns. And when one person uses water, he uses it in different ways - a large stream, a thin stream, etc. If we talk in figures, not always for a day five pumped out a ton. And sometimes they can use more ...

How to be? You can go from the other side.

We divide the average daily water consumption of the whole house by the number of hours in the day, when people really use water (for example, 10 hours). We will get average hourly water consumption. That is, five people per day can use 1000 liters. We divide this thousand by 10 working hours and get 100 liters per hour on average. So now the filter we need to buy is not more than 1000 liters per day, how many per 100 liters per hour.

WHAT HAS GOT DAY AND OVERCAPE EFFICIENCY? We determined that the filter should have a sufficient resource to purify 1000 liters of water per day. And do this with a speed of at least 100 liters per hour.

However, the calculation of water consumption does not end.

The next thing to find is peak water consumption. This is the amount of water that people can use simultaneously. That is, if our 5 people at the same time

• erase,
• prepare,
• bathe
• etc.,

then the amount of water that the filter cleanses is much larger than the average. Sometimes it can even exceed even the daily. This number is called the peak.

Peak water consumption calculation

By the way, this is just where you need our calculator 🙂

Peak water consumption depends on the capacity of the water consumption point. That is, no matter how many people open any number of cranes, more than this crane will pass, no water will flow out. There are standards that determine this most bandwidth.

1. For example, a tap on a kitchen sink can not pour more than 0.2 liters per second.
2. The capacity of the toilet bowl is 0.1 liter per second.
3. Washing machine - 0,4 liters per second.
4. Bathroom and shower - 0,25-0,35 liters per second.

These data may differ from model to model, however not strongly. If desired, these data can be measured independently.

Here k is the coefficient to be found, and x is the total number of water consumption points.

Now we multiply the total throughput of water consumption points by the correction factor.

The program is very simple, written in Excel. It is also very easy to use - the values ​​in the green bar can be changed, this is the amount of one or another type of point of water consumption. If you have two washing machines, put in the green field in the appropriate ryadochke figure 2. If you have 3 souls, then put the number 3 in the corresponding ryadochke on the green field. If you do not have kitchen sink, then put 0 in the appropriate row in the green box.

If you change the numbers in other places, the data will be incorrect. You can change only in green cells.

Accordingly, at the bottom of the table, in yellow cells, you can see the results - the calculated coefficient and the peak water consumption, and, hence, the peak performance of the water filter.

So, the general conclusion on the calculation of the performance of the filter.

Now we have three values: the daily capacity of the water filter, the average water consumption and the peak water consumption. Here with this data and you can select a filter for water. And other things to do.

You might think that peak water consumption is too high. This is quite possible, it shows only the technical possibility of simultaneous use of the maximum number of water consumption points. In order to calculate the peak water consumption more accurately, we need a more accurate technique that takes into account the probability of simultaneous use of household appliances by a certain number of people.

But it is so complicated, it requires a number of nomograms and so on, that we do not give it. But you can find it 🙂

So that's how the water consumption is calculated.

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