Electric timer for lighting control. Technical specifications of the mechanical timer-outlet

I have been living in a country house   in the suburbs. As it is now fashionable to call it - a cottage community. Living in such a house - a lot of benefits. Clean air (relatively clean), a large living space, silence, its own parking, fireplace   , a site, a bath ... It is possible to enumerate for a long time. But there are disadvantages with which we have to put up. For example, to clean the snow in winter (although usually I regard it as charging in the fresh air), most to maintain and repair the house, care for flowers and lawns. All these difficulties are easily overcome, if there is a head on the shoulders, and the hands grow from the right place. But there is one more drawback inherent in our cottage community. This is a poor electricity supply. Not only is the tension jumping all the time (a powerful stabilizer installed at the entrance to the house decided this problem), so there are often power outages. Disconnect electricity almost monthly. Sometimes for a few minutes, and sometimes for several hours. And once they turned it off for two days (accident, damn it). And after this incident, I purchased a gasoline generator.
  I already wrote a review on hourmeter   (the counter of hours of operation of the generator). And now I bring to your attention the review of the timer.

Why do I need a timer switch? In order to switch on and off something at a given time. I needed it to control the generator. The matter is that the generator at me with automatics. As soon as the mains electricity disappears, it starts and switches the power of the entire lady to itself. 6 kW generator is enough for the whole house, I can even continue to use a microwave and an electric kettle.
  But the generator, as it turned out, has a small drawback. He's making a noise. In the afternoon it is not very noticeable and does not interfere. But when you turn off the electricity at night, you can hear it very well (especially in the summer when the windows are open). It would seem that at night I do not need much electricity. But every evening turn off and then turn on the generator every morning - an inconvenient task. Therefore, it was decided that the operating mode of the generator (automatic and manual) must be switched by timer.
It would seem that it could be easier than buying a timer in Leroy for 220 rubles for 500 rubles and connecting through it a button for switching modes (the button is on - the generator starts automatically, the button is off - the generator does not start automatically). Here it is, the green button, on the generator control block:

But there is one snag. The fact is that if the power supply drops 220 volts, the timer will turn off (as it is normally open and is powered by 220 volts). And even if you transform it into a normally closed one, the situation will not save it. And it turns out that the food was gone - the timer went out.
  Therefore, it was necessary to find a timer that could work from 12 volts (the generator has a built-in battery, and it can be powered by a timer). And here I had to turn to the search for aliexpress, because in local stores I could not find such timers.

This is how the scheme works in a simplified form. In parallel to the button for switching the operation modes of the generator, I connect the timer and feed it from the generator battery. The battery on the generator does not sit down, the unit has an automatic charging device that monitors the discharge.
  Thus, the automatic mode button on the generator will always be in the off position, and the timer will switch the modes of operation of the generator. And if I want to start the generator bypassing the timer - there is nothing easier, I just click on the green button, and closed the contacts to bypass the timer.

Timers in Chinese - for every taste and color. With a power of 12, 24, 110 and 220 volts (for every taste). Find the easiest way, according to the words of Timer switch or timer relay. I needed a 12 volt timer, I ordered it (with a protective case and wires with terminals, for quick and easy installation).
  Delivery is relatively fast, for 23 days
  Inside - everything as promised. Timer, protective box and wires.

The timer is built-in power (most likely a battery, and maybe a battery). It allows you to program a timer, but it will not trigger from the internal power supply, since 12 volts must be supplied to supply the relay.
  Raschlenenku - did not. It's a shame to break a new device.

Instruction - a normal printing house, good English (although everything is clear and without instructions). The only thing I had to check in the instructions is how to unlock the buttons on the timer (no button was pressed). It turns out that you have to press the C / R button four times in succession and the buttons start working. But when the buttons are inactive, they are blocked again (protection against accidental pressing).

From the timers (but in a separate box) there was a protective box.

The economic person will necessarily need to automate some processes in time. Inclusion of light for poultry, lighting of the greenhouse, feeding of pets, switching on and off of electrical appliances at a given time. All those processes that do not require direct human intervention and can be successfully automated. Today the article will be about how to set up a socket with a mechanical and electronic timer. We will provide the instruction with video examples so that you can clearly see the configuration process.

Mechanical

The heart of the timer is the drum, with the switch levers installed on it. The drum is driven by a micro motor. The actuator is a microswitch with one pair of contacts.The rosettes with a cycle for 24 hours are very popular, they are also called a daily timer. Typically, one hour in them is divided into four parts, for fifteen minutes.

As you can see in the photo, the Feron TM50 socket design is quite primitive. The setting of such a timer is to set the switches on the drum in the desired order in a certain time sector and force the manual setting of the current time, by scrolling the drum clockwise to the arrow of the pointer. On the side of the relay there is a switch for forced switching on the load. Let's try on a small example to find out how to set up a socket with a mechanical timer, the model Feron TM50.

On this diagram the operating time of the filter pump in the pool is distributed per day:

1. From 1 am to 2 am, meals are not served.
2. After two nights the pump turns on for fifteen minutes.
3. From four to five it's off.
4. At 6.00 the pool filter works for fifteen minutes.
5. After this happens at nine and twelve o'clock, again for fifteen minutes.
6. At 15.00 the peak of the bathers turn the pump on for thirty minutes.
7. At six and nine in the evening we make the pump run for thirty minutes.
8. And the final cycle in the twelve-night for 15 minutes we filter the water.

There is an opportunity to save if you properly set up a socket with a timer and at the same time use a two-tariff meter.

According to the settings on the diagram it becomes clear that the consumer is disconnected during the peak tariff hours, when the price per kilowatt of consumed energy is one and a half of the usual price. From eight in the morning to eleven the device is off. So it is in the evening peak from eight to ten in the evening. The rest of the time the socket with the timer keeps the consumer on.

For more information on how to configure a mechanical outlet with a timer, you can on the video below:

Another popular model from the company Feron - TM32. Features of the configuration of this outlet are also discussed in the video review:

Electronic

With the TM24 model as an example, let's look at how to set up an electronic outlet with a timer.

At the first power-up, leave the device for 12-14 hours in the socket to charge the built-in battery.

Button functions:

In this programmer there is a possibility of setting up twenty turn-on and turn-off programs.

As you can see from the diagram - point 1, you can install the program from Monday to Sunday. That is, at one time turned on and off. Setting up individual programs on the days of the week from the 2nd to the 8th point. Combination of the program on working days from Monday to Friday paragraph 9 or only on weekends (Saturday and Sunday) p.10. Six days a week, item 11. Next day is Monday, Wednesday, Friday, p. 12. Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, p. 13. Three days in a row clause 14 and 15.

To start using the power outlet, you must first set the current time. For 5 seconds, hold SET until the day of the week flashes. Use the RIGHT or LEFT buttons to set the desired day. Pressing and holding SET again takes us to the clock setting. Use RIGHT or LEFT to set the desired time. The same procedure is repeated to set the minutes.

Now you can begin to configure the program. You can do this as follows:

• Press and hold RIGHT until "1_ON" appears, this is the first timer.
• Then press and hold SET until the day of the week flashes, use the RIGHT or LEFT buttons to select the desired day or a combination of days.
• Then use SET to select the clock and RIGHT or LEFT the desired value, and so on with the minutes.
• Then we repeat the operation with holding RIGHT, until the value "OFF_1" appears.
• Repeat the same as above, set the day, hour and minute.
• To exit the programming mode, press CLK.

Press the MANUAL button to reset the current program settings to set new parameters. To force the timer on or off, there is a "MANUAL" function, which has three modes: "MANUAL-OFF", "MANUAL-ON", "MANUAL-AUTO". In OFF mode, the timer does not execute programs and is in the off state. In ON mode, the device is forcibly on, and in the AUTO mode, programs are executed.

To simulate the presence of a person on the outlet, there is an interesting RND button. This function with a floating timer advance, which arbitrarily varies from two minutes to half an hour. The working out of the time interval takes place taking into account the lead.The inclusion of electrical appliances is not tied rigidly to a certain minute, which can confuse thieves trying to find out people's houses or not.

The installation instructions for the electronic outlet are provided in the video below:

The configuration of the other outlets with the timer is no different from the setup algorithm described by us in the example, and should not cause any difficulties. Do not forget to switch the watch to winter and summer time for more correct operation of the device.

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Timers are compact, inexpensive, but extremely useful devices, thanks to which you can automate the operation of household appliances, save energy. In particular, the timer can run equipment, which should work in cycles. For example, it connects humidifiers, heaters, aquarium lamps. By itself, the timer is connected to the outlet, but it also has its own socket for connecting a standard plug.

Types of timers

The chain of stores "Leroy Merlin" is pleased to offer its customers the following varieties of these devices:

• The simplest are electro mechanical timers, setting the program on which is performed by rotating special pens.
• Electronic timers are more advanced devices equipped with displays, light indicators and other functionality. The most technologically advanced instruments of this group can themselves carry out the transition from summer to winter time, they make it possible to establish a separate program for each day of the week. The most expensive devices are equipped with motion sensors, that is, the inclusion occurs and if someone enters the room.

Operation options

The timer is ideal for automating the following:

• Cooking. You can program the timer so that each morning it includes a coffee maker, toaster or other equipment. This will allow the owners, waking up, immediately get a hot breakfast, saving precious morning minutes. Similarly, the device can be programmed for the evening, so that it works, while you just go home from work.
• Alarm clock. To the timer, you can connect lighting devices or a TV. Automatic turn-on in the morning is much more effective than a regular alarm clock.
• Protection. Going on vacation, you can program a timer so that during a day he lights up and turns off the light and radio in the apartment, that is, creates the illusion that there is someone at home. Such a simple way allows you to scare off intruders.
• Saving of the finance. If you have installed an electricity meter for two tariffs, that is, at night electricity is cheaper than during the day, you can set a timer for a night start washing machine. Savings in a month will be quite solid.

If there are devices in the house that require periodic cycles of on-off, - pumps, heaters, compressors, then release from the routine duty of personally being present during this process may be a socket-timers.

According to the principle of work they are mechanical and electronic. Mechanical is easier to maintain and customize, and they are also cheaper. Therefore, their popularity is high enough. But these devices have features that you should get acquainted with before buying and starting to operate them.

Let's understand how the mechanical timer-outlet works. The method of switching electrical contacts in the socket-timers is the same, it is mechanical, by closing the conductors. The difference is only in the way of management. In it do relay circuits, controlled by the processor. The basis of mechanical timers is a device that provides continuous rotational motion, ensuring the closing and opening of contacts.

Socket outlet with mechanical timer:

In older timers, produced 30-40 years ago, such a device was a mechanism identical to the one of the sentry, consisting of a system of gears and powered by a spiral spring. Now it is replaced by a slow-moving impulse electric motor, which made the device less noisy, but dependent on an external source of electrical energy.

disadvantages

The principle of switching control and predetermined the main drawback of mechanical outlets-timers. In existing models it is impossible to program for more than a day. In electronic devices, it can be equal to a week or a month.

This is because the speed of rotation of the actuating disc with the contact depends on the gear ratio of the reducer, which reduces the number of revolutions per minute of the shaft of the pulsed electric motor.

there is ways to make the executive disk do a full turn, for example, for two days. One of them is to complicate the reducer by increasing the number of gears in it.

Another is to increase the diameter of the actuator disc. But this the extensive way of modernization of the construction, increasing its bulkiness. Therefore, it is not used.

Another disadvantage of mechanical timer outlets is the dependence of the executive motor on an external power source. If the frequency alternating current   differs from the nominal 50 Hz, they either run ahead or fall behind. In addition, with power outages, mechanical timers stop working at all. In electronic outlet-timers this does not happen, because they are equipped with a backup power source - a battery.

The dependence of the mechanical switching device on the mains voltage can also be its plus. In the event of an emergency shutdown, it will still execute its program, but a little later. And here the electronic switch will not notice the disconnection from the network. Contacts it will be closed, and the controlled device worked or not - it does not care.

   Easy installation of the outlet can not be called. , we will describe in the next publication.

Would you like to know what a triac is? All useful information about the device.

Correctly matched resistor is the absence of overheating at the device itself and nearby circuit elements. On what features to pay attention to when choosing, find out in this.

Design

These timers, produced by different manufacturers, are very similar to each other in a constructive way.

First of all, this is stand-alone devices, which are connected to the existing power scheme via a plug-in socket (socket). On their body there are two pins, similar to those that are on the so-called electric plug.

A plug-in connector (usually one) and an actuator in the form of a rotary disc with dividers are connected in the mechanical socket-timer housing, along the outer edge of which there are a number of switching buttons.

  Divisions on a disk can be with gradations of 15 and 30 minutes. Switch buttons, depending on the model, can control both on and off. For example, there are models in which to disable such a button it is necessary to raise, in others - to "drown".

On the body of the timer there is a button that switches from continuous power mode to adjustable. Usually it is installed on the side, it can be supplemented with a light indication device.

Video review about mechanical outlet   with Timer Feron TM50:

Popular Models

Instructions for use

The algorithm for bringing mechanical outlets-a timer in general is identical for all models.

• Mode switch timer set to the position of continuous operation.
• By rotating the actuator disc, set the current time - the corresponding risk against the fixed mark.
• You heat or lift groups of contacts on the outer edge of the actuator disc, setting the on-off periods. Pay attention to their location relative to the risks on the actuator disk. It must match the desired switching time.
• Insert the plug of the controlled device cord into the timer plug connector.
• Connect to the network.
• Switch the timer mode button from the "Continuous" position to "Managed".

Please note that the socket-timer works only if the plug of the cord of the controlled device is paired with its plug connector.

In working condition, the apparatus should gently hum. The installed switching mode will be repeated daily. To change it, the socket-timer is disconnected from the mains.

On which you can "burn"

Virtually all models are rated for 16 amperes. At least, so it is written in their passport. but general shortcoming   Outlet timers can be the desire of its manufacturer to save money. In this case, it uses a disconnect device (electronic relay or mechanical switch) in which the conductors have a very small cross section and are not designed for a large inrush current.

Therefore, for the management of high-power consumers (heaters or engines with a capacity of more than 1.5 kilowatts)   It is worth doing this through an intermediary. For example, use a mechanical magnetic starter.

In this case, to a socket-timer the retractor coil is connected. A commutation of the controlled device is carried out by the contact group of the magnetic starter.

During the adjustment and activation of mechanical outlets, timers must observe basic electrical safety measures.

In conclusion, we offer you a video-instruction about electronic and mechanical outlets-timers:

How to set the on / off timer

The on / off timer is special devicewhich turns on or off various electrical devices   through time intervals established by the customer on a certain schedule. The off timer is divided into two types: industrial and household. The latter will be considered in this article. If desired, you can turn on the motion sensor in one device, or you can also use a photo relay. Will be more expensive of course, but very convenient!

Description and selection of timers

By purchasing the off timer, you need to know its greatest possible load. It is considered to be a way of folding the capacities planned for connection. To get Amps, watts are divided into 220 volts.

The second thing that is worth checking out when acquiring an off timer is the type of attachment. It is possible to the Din rail of the electrical shield. The timer also happens for the built-in installation inside the wall.

The third is the operating temperature range, which is important for installation in unheated areas.

Timer on / off. and their types

Off timer can be single-channel, two-channel and multi-channel. With the help of two-channel it is possible to adjust the operation of the main and additional lighting.

Timers come with a weekly or even an annual program. There are expensive models, which include a variety of programs, even taking into account the weekend.

An astronomical shutdown timer is interesting, automatically correcting the on-time, taking into account changes in the duration and daylight.

Set the off timer

The mechanical shutdown timer is adjusted according to the inscriptions. To configure the electronic, there is a menu, like on the phone. When buying, you need to check that the menu is in Russian.

Timer on / off. and its installation

Today there are different types of light off timer, with slight differences in connection. Here we will consider the option of installing a two-channel timer. To the upper contacts voltage is applied to the home electrical network   220 volt. Usually on all models the power is supplied from above, and the organization of work is carried out with the help of lower contacts.

Thus, only the conductor with the phase is broken, and zero is sent directly to the electrical appliances. The phase from the electrical shield is fed to the middle contact. It will separately manage the side connections. In the case of single-chain control, one of the side contacts will be free.