That energy is where it comes from. Where does electricity come from? Sources of electricity. Energy sources for short periods of work

Alternatively, when considering the question of the source of energy of all things in the space of the universe, including all its aspects - parallel worlds (especially for those who “believe” in the nonsense about the theories of “strings” and the “big bang”), we can assume that it (source ) is located precisely outside its (universe) boundaries. If we completely simplify the algorithm for the development of the macrocosm and create a primitive model of the universe, we will get something similar to a constantly growing sphere (or an ellipsoid - the geometry of the form is not decisive now). This means that in its primary form it was a sphere of smaller dimensions (possibly something similar to a point of singularity), which should, by its very definition, have two important components: energy for its development and a program, again, for its evolution.

And in this case, it is very difficult to believe that the source (let’s call it that) has such an amount of energy in itself. Let us also add here the expediency of this. The development program is another matter, because we constantly encounter similar examples in similar natural phenomena. Take, for example, a grain and a grown plant. The grain, in a latent state, contains a detailed program for the development of this organic material, and the nutrient medium that supplies the energy of life is outside the boundaries of its development. Thus, the universe in its “zero” state - the point of singularity according to the official academic version of the current moment - occupied the minimum amount of potential space (apparently, without the universe, the concept of “space” loses all meaning, and therefore it is appropriate to use an exclusively speculative form of reasoning of the subjunctive same inclinations). But for storing “within itself” the KV (the code of the universe) this is enough, taking into account the absence of the material aspect (the essential or physical nature of the “object”).

Thus, the “universal ellipsoid” resembles a children’s inflatable balloon, so ardently loved by proletarian participants in May Day demonstrations in the epic era. That is, the development program is obvious, but the filling comes from the outside. The only assumption can be ignored due to the absence of a fundamental contradiction - the ball is inflated from one area (the inlet), and the universe receives “feeding” from all sides of the space-time boundary that limits its size in the current state. So, matter outside the universe is in such a fundamental (chaotic or unstable) state that the rate of growth of the volume of the universe depends entirely on the “ability” to process the primeval substance into the physical content of the universe. Is it possible that this speed would be equal to the speed of light?! The question is significant, if not fundamental, but not entirely relevant to our topic. And therefore we will speculate on it at another time and in a correspondingly different place.

In principle, the idea of ​​mastering external energy by the space-time aspect of the universe is understandable and, like everything ingenious, simple, if not for one “but”. And where does the universe feed from subsequently after expanding its boundaries over a significant distance of time?! That is, after the boundaries (the place of energy “supply”) of the universe have moved away from the area under consideration (let it be the solar system or our planet, as the macro-object most recognized at a practical level) to a distance incomparable with our ideas about the propagation of energy (electromagnetic waves , as a universal type of energy from the list known to us today), the source of energy should, as it were, already be inside the universe. And not just inside, but at the closest distance from the point of view of spatio-temporal accessibility to the place of its (energy) consumption. For example, where do elementary particles get their energy from now?!

And here we come to the place where the real world begins to change its usual parameters. Namely, the real world and the visible world are not just two big differences, but also a completely different methodology for establishing design characteristics. The real world, relative to the visible (the optical range of perception can be conditionally accepted as a world expanding horizontally, in the 3D version we are familiar with) also has a vertical aspect of its development, in which at the micro level there is the same fundamental matter as outside the universe. Objective facts lead to this idea: instability (signs of chaos), huge energy potential, interaction with space-time projections of the universe at other levels (for example, up to 11 according to the so-called “string theory”).

And now we already understand that the universe in that “conservative” form (the ellipsoid and its expansion according to the “Big Bang” theory) requires very serious adjustments in the most basic and fundamental concepts. After all, accepting the fact that chaotic (primordial) matter is located not only outside the space-time framework of the universe, but also inside it at a fundamental level, we need to completely reconsider our attitude towards many current things. Including, in fact, to the concepts of space and time itself (the possibility of moving through them like on a highway), energy production not only by chemical means and inefficient physical methods (so-called environmentally friendly methods), but also at the level of inexhaustible reserves according to modern estimates . Yes, you never know what else will come up during the course of the play, as they say?!

The energy crisis in the form we now imagine it, and in the aspect of the topic under consideration, of course, seems simply ridiculous. Can hydrocarbons as an energy carrier truly influence the evolution of the universe, even on the scale of human development?! The question is not just rhetorical, but also somewhat humorous in addition. Science must, relatively speaking, change the direction of its development to the opposite. That is, instead of “staring” into space (at least not doing it so actively), you need to turn your “bright” heads to the microcosm. This is where many of the answers to our questions are found. Just imagine that in order to understand the “extraordinary” principles (matter beyond the boundaries of the universe), you do not need to try to surpass the universe in its expansion rate, but you only need to delve into the fundamental principles of matter, so to speak, under your nose. True, it is somewhat unusual to understand the fact that the entire universe, like an island in the ocean, is, as it were, in a state of “floating” in an environment with chaotic, and therefore not subject to any laws, matter.

By the way, as a nonsense, imagine that, so to speak, some other universe is moving towards us (expanding in size). And what will happen to the space-time substance at the place where they overlap each other?! It is possible that we are now in the area of ​​“intersection” of several universes. From here, perhaps, follows the probability (even at the mathematical level) of the justification of multi-level space-time projections of our universe.

Some may say that dreaming is not harmful. But let me remind you that all theories are born from hypotheses, which, as the subject is studied, are either leveled out or recognized as the official version. Thus, at the current moment we only need to understand the fact that this is hypothetically possible. By accepting this not even as a given, but only from the point of view of a probabilistic view of things, we will already significantly increase the area of ​​​​our perception of the world around us, which is not very bad according to all estimates of the conscious function of a person.

And what do we have in the bottom line, so to speak?! The boundaries of the universe lie not only in distant distances (13 trillion light years from Earth), but also in immediate accessibility. But the stable nature of the real world, embedded in the very basis of its existence, does not allow chaotic matter to “break” it into pieces. However, in this chaos there is a source of inexhaustible energy, which means that upon reaching it, a person will receive a pass to the “Club of the Elite”, which will allow him to solve all his pressing problems.

The most inhumane act a person can commit is turning someone into a thing. Osho.

A woman in love with you can inspire you to heights you never dreamed of. And she doesn't ask for anything in return. She just needs love. And this is her natural right. Osho.

Everything that has been experienced can be overcome; what is suppressed cannot be overcome. Osho.

Any borrowed truth is a lie. Until you experience it yourself, it is never true. Osho.

When you are sick, call the doctor. But most importantly, call those who love you, because there is no medicine more important than love. Osho.

If you can wait forever, you don't have to wait at all. Osho.

The only criterion for life is bliss. If you don't feel that life is bliss, then know that you are going in the wrong direction. Osho.

Without you, this Universe will lose some poetry, some beauty: there will be a missing song, there will be a missing note, there will be an empty gap. Osho.

The only person on earth whom we can change is ourselves, Osho.

Until you can say no, your yes will have no meaning. Osho

Just watch why you are creating a problem. The solution to a problem is at the very beginning, when you first create it - don’t create it! You don’t have any problems – it’s enough to understand only this.

Only occasionally, very rarely, do you allow someone to enter you. This is exactly what love is. Osho.

When you think you are deceiving others, you are only deceiving yourself. Osho.

The child comes clean, nothing is written on him; there is no indication of who he should be - all dimensions are open to him. And the first thing you need to understand: a child is not a thing, a child is a being. Osho

Inside every old person there is a young person wondering what happened. Osho.

Falling is part of Life, rising to your feet is its Living. Being Alive is a Gift and being Happy is your CHOICE. Osho.

Love is patient, everything else is impatient. Passion is impatient; love is patient. Once you understand that patience means love, you understand everything. Osho.

What difference does it make who is stronger, who is smarter, who is more beautiful, who is richer? After all, in the end, all that matters is whether you are a happy person or not? Osho.

What's wrong with someone laughing for no reason? Why do you need a reason to laugh? A reason is needed to be unhappy; You don't need a reason to be happy. Osho.

Sin is when you don't enjoy life. Osho.

People believe in the immortality of the soul not because they know it, but because they are afraid. The more cowardly a person is, the more likely it is that he believes in the immortality of the soul - not because he is religious; he's just a coward. Osho.

I don't have any biography. And everything that is considered a biography is absolutely meaningless. When I was born, in what country I was born, it doesn’t matter. Osho.

Learn to laugh more. Laughter is as holy as prayer. Your laughter will open a thousand and one roses within you. Osho.

Don't run from yourself, you can't be anyone else. Osho.

If you lie once, you will be forced to lie a thousand and one times to cover up the first lie. Osho.

The head is always thinking about how to get more; the heart always feels how to give more. Osho.

If you don’t know how to say “No,” your “Yes” is also worthless. Osho.

At this very moment you can drop all problems because they are all created by you. Osho.

Stop thinking about how to get love and start giving. By giving, you receive. There is no other way... Osho

The reasons are within ourselves, outside there are only excuses... Osho

Don't take life as a problem, it is a mystery of stunning beauty. Drink from it, it is pure wine! Be full of it! Osho.

Dying for someone, for something, is the easiest thing in the world. Living for anything is the most difficult thing. Osho.

Before knocking on the right door, a person knocks on thousands of wrong doors. Osho.

Make life around you beautiful. And let every person feel that meeting you is a gift. Osho.

Don't teach others, don't try to change them. It is enough that you change yourself - this will be your message. Osho.

Miracles happen every moment. Nothing else happens. Osho.

Get out of your head and into your heart. Think less and feel more. Don’t get attached to thoughts, immerse yourself in sensations... Then your heart will come to life. Osho

Suffering is the result of taking life seriously; bliss is the result of the game. Take life as a game, enjoy it. Osho.

Don't expect perfection, and don't ask or demand it. Love ordinary people. There is nothing wrong with ordinary people. Ordinary people are extraordinary. Every person is so unique. Respect this uniqueness. Osho.

If you are calm, the whole world becomes calm for you. It's like a reflection. Everything that you are is reflected completely. Everyone becomes a mirror. Osho.

The greatest fear in the world is fear of the opinions of others. The moment you are not afraid of the crowd, you are no longer a sheep, you become a lion. A great roar is heard in your heart - the roar of freedom. Osho.

If you don't change right now, you will never change. No need for endless promises. You either change or you don't, but be honest. Osho.

No one should follow anyone, everyone should go into his own soul. Osho.

Have you ever had the feeling that the whole world is literally angry with you? On such days, it seems that people, transport, technology and even the weather have agreed among themselves with one single goal - to anger you as soon as possible, to drive you into a white heat. But on other seemingly similar days, you don’t care at all; neither the drizzling rain for the second day, nor the barely crawling bus, nor the grumbling boss can ruin your mood. You just grin, looking at the unsuccessful attempts of the world around you to get on your nerves.

Where does it come from? internal energy, which helps us perceive our own failures and mistakes with humor, and start all over again? Where was this same energy when you were choked by melancholy and despair? Let's conduct a brief analysis of the events that force us to lose our internal energy, and try to find ways to replenish it.

Rice. Internal energy. Where does it come from and where does it go?

Our internal energy is aimlessly scattered in space every time we have to commit some kind of violence on ourselves, for example, circumstances force us to agree to something that our heart clearly does not belong to, and this happens quite often. We have to do a lot of tedious work, smile through force, agree with stupid statements, indulge and please. We persuade ourselves to be patient a little, promising promotion on the career ladder, increased wages and other benefits of life as a reward. Who are we kidding? And then we are also surprised that our energy is so low.

Wasted strength can be returned if you finally begin to act exactly as he advises. If your boring job takes too much energy, it’s time to look for something new. But you will get rid of the tyranny of your boss, and from the gossip of chatty colleagues, and from communicating with those people who have recently begun to unnecessarily get on your nerves. Don’t be afraid of change, all changes in your life, starting with a new morning route and ending with new communications and a new type of activity, will empower you, don’t doubt it.

Old grievances take away a lot of useful energy from us, and if you are also hatching plans for revenge, then it is not surprising that on a day off you barely have enough strength to crawl to the kitchen. Meanwhile. If you find it unpleasant to communicate with certain specific people, try not to think about them at all, cross them out of your life once and for all, and you will immediately feel better. Let them live and thrive in some other dimension and never be reminded of their existence.

In addition to emotional liberation, it is also possible by freeing up living space. For this, ordinary cleaning is not enough; you need to get rid of the excess junk that is slowly sucking energy out of you as soon as possible. You can safely include everything that you have not used during the last year into the trash category. Forget about pitying old things and the memories that they carefully keep, rather take pity on your strength and your health.

Negative news takes away a lot of internal energy from a person., gossip, news broadcast on TV and even TV series with negative plots. Negativity creates a small hole in your protective cocoon through which energy begins to leak. We must learn to cut off all negative conversations and communicate only with those people from whom we can receive moral support and understanding. By the way, additional strength can be obtained by meeting new people and new places, therefore, you need to find opportunities to travel.

We lose our inner energy in expectations and fears. If you try to look at life from the outside, it will become clear that there is no past or future, there is only the present. You need to make every effort to feel satisfied, rich, happy right now, then the strength will appear. Stop waiting for a wonderful tomorrow, finally do what you want to do. And forget about all restrictions, you can do whatever you want, all you have to do is want it. However, if you lie on the couch and wait for inspiration, you won’t get anything; energy comes only to those who do something.

What makes a person move? What is energy metabolism? Where does the body's energy come from? How long will it last? During what physical activity, what energy is consumed? As you can see, there are a lot of questions. But most of them appear when you start studying this topic. I will try to make life easier for the most curious and save time. Go…

Energy metabolism is a set of reactions of the breakdown of organic substances, accompanied by the release of energy.

To ensure movement (actin and myosin filaments in the muscle), the muscle requires Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP). When chemical bonds between phosphates are broken, energy is released, which is used by the cell. In this case, ATP passes into a state with lower energy into Adenosine DiPhosphate (ADP) and inorganic Phosphorus (P)

If a muscle produces work, then ATP is constantly broken down into ADP and inorganic phosphorus, releasing Energy (about 40-60 kJ/mol). For long-term work, it is necessary to restore ATP at the rate at which this substance is used by the cell.

The energy sources used for short-term, short-term and long-term work are different. Energy can be produced both anaerobically (oxygen-free) and aerobically (oxidatively). What qualities does an athlete develop when training in the aerobic or anaerobic zone, I wrote in the article ““.

There are three energy systems that support human physical activity:

1. Alactate or phosphagen (anaerobic). It is associated with the processes of ATP resynthesis mainly due to the high-energy phosphate compound – Creatine Phosphate (CrP).
2. Glycolytic (anaerobic). Provides resynthesis of ATP and KrP due to the reactions of anaerobic breakdown of glycogen and/or glucose to lactic acid (lactate).
3. Aerobic (oxidative). The ability to perform work due to the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, proteins while simultaneously increasing the delivery and utilization of oxygen in working muscles.

Energy sources for short-term operation.

The ATP molecule (Adenosine TriPhosphate) provides quickly accessible energy to the muscle. This energy is enough for 1-3 seconds. This source is used for instantaneous, maximum force operation.

ATP + H2O ⇒ ADP + P + Energy

In the body, ATP is one of the most frequently renewed substances; Thus, in humans, the lifespan of one ATP molecule is less than 1 minute. During the day, one ATP molecule goes through an average of 2000-3000 cycles of resynthesis (the human body synthesizes about 40 kg of ATP per day, but contains approximately 250 g at any given moment), that is, practically no ATP reserve is created in the body, and for normal life it is necessary to constantly synthesize new ATP molecules.

ATP is replenished by CrP (Creatine Phosphate), this is the second molecule of phosphate, which has high energy in the muscle. KrP donates a Phosphate molecule to an ADP molecule to form ATP, thereby allowing the muscle to work for a certain time.

It looks like this:

ADP+ KrP ⇒ ATP + Kr

The KrF reserve lasts up to 9 seconds. work. In this case, the power peak occurs at 5-6 seconds. Professional sprinters try to increase this tank (KrF reserve) even further through training to 15 seconds.

Both in the first case and in the second, the process of ATP formation occurs in anaerobic mode, without the participation of oxygen. Resynthesis of ATP due to CrP occurs almost instantly. This system has the greatest power compared to the glycolytic and aerobic ones and provides “explosive” work with maximum strength and speed of muscle contractions. This is what energy metabolism looks like during short-term work; in other words, this is how the alactic energy supply system of the body works.

Energy sources for short-term work.

Where does the body get energy during short-term work? In this case, the source is animal carbohydrate, which is found in the muscles and liver of humans - glycogen. The process by which glycogen promotes ATP resynthesis and energy release is called Anaerobic glycolysis(Glycolytic energy supply system).

Glycolysis is a process of glucose oxidation in which two molecules of pyruvic acid (Pyruvate) are formed from one molecule of glucose. Further metabolism of pyruvic acid is possible in two ways - aerobic and anaerobic.

During aerobic work pyruvic acid (Pyruvate) is involved in metabolism and many biochemical reactions in the body. It is converted into Acetyl-coenzyme A, which participates in the Krebs Cycle ensuring respiration in the cell. In eukaryotes (cells of living organisms that contain a nucleus, that is, in human and animal cells), the Krebs cycle occurs inside the mitochondria (MC, this is the energy station of the cell).

Krebs cycle(tricarboxylic acid cycle) is a key stage in the respiration of all cells that use oxygen, it is the center of intersection of many metabolic pathways in the body. In addition to its energetic role, the Krebs Cycle has a significant plastic function. By participating in biochemical processes, it helps synthesize such important cellular compounds as amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, etc.

If there is not enough oxygen, that is, the work is carried out in anaerobic mode, then pyruvic acid in the body undergoes anaerobic breakdown with the formation of lactic acid (lactate)

The glycolytic anaerobic system is characterized by high power. This process begins almost from the very beginning of work and reaches power after 15-20 seconds. work of maximum intensity, and this power cannot be maintained for more than 3 to 6 minutes. For beginners who are just starting to play sports, the power is barely enough for 1 minute.

Carbohydrates – glycogen and glucose – serve as energy substrates for providing muscles with energy. In total, the glycogen reserve in the human body is enough for 1-1.5 hours of work.

As mentioned above, as a result of the high power and duration of glycolytic anaerobic work, a significant amount of lactate (lactic acid) is formed in the muscles.

Glycogen ⇒ ATP + Lactic acid

Lactate from muscles enters the blood and binds to blood buffer systems to preserve the internal environment of the body. If the level of lactate in the blood increases, then the buffer systems at some point may not cope, which will cause a shift in the acid-base balance to the acidic side. When acidified, the blood becomes thick and the body cells cannot receive the necessary oxygen and nutrition. As a result, this causes inhibition of key enzymes of anaerobic glycolysis, up to complete inhibition of their activity. The rate of glycolysis itself, the alactic anaerobic process, and the power of work decreases.

The duration of work in anaerobic mode depends on the level of lactate concentration in the blood and the degree of resistance of muscles and blood to acid shifts.

Blood buffering capacity is the ability of blood to neutralize lactate. The more trained a person is, the greater his buffer capacity.

Energy sources for long-term operation.

Sources of energy for the human body during prolonged aerobic work, necessary for the formation of ATP, are muscle glycogen, blood glucose, fatty acids, and intramuscular fat. This process is triggered by prolonged aerobic work. For example, fat burning (fat oxidation) in beginning runners begins after 40 minutes of running in the 2nd pulse zone (PZ). For athletes, the oxidation process starts within 15-20 minutes of running. There is enough fat in the human body for 10-12 hours of continuous aerobic work.

When exposed to oxygen, molecules of glycogen, glucose, and fat are broken down, synthesizing ATP with the release of carbon dioxide and water. Most reactions occur in the mitochondria of the cell.

Glycogen + Oxygen ⇒ ATP + Carbon dioxide + Water

The formation of ATP using this mechanism occurs more slowly than with the help of energy sources used for short-term and short-term work. It takes 2 to 4 minutes before the cell's need for ATP is completely satisfied by the aerobic process discussed. This delay is caused by the time it takes for the heart to begin increasing its supply of oxygenated blood to the muscles at the rate necessary to meet the muscles' ATP needs.

Fat + Oxygen ⇒ ATP + Carbon dioxide + Water

The fat oxidation factory in the body is the most energy-intensive. Since during the oxidation of carbohydrates, 38 molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose. And when 1 molecule of fat is oxidized, it produces 130 molecules of ATP. But this happens much more slowly. In addition, the production of ATP through fat oxidation requires more oxygen than the oxidation of carbohydrates. Another feature of the oxidative, aerobic factory is that it gains momentum gradually, as oxygen delivery increases and the concentration of fatty acids released from adipose tissue in the blood increases.

You can find more useful information and articles.

If you imagine all the energy-producing systems (energy metabolism) in the body in the form of fuel tanks, then they will look like this:

1. The smallest tank is Creatine Phosphate (it's like 98 gasoline). It is located closer to the muscle and starts working quickly. This “gasoline” lasts for 9 seconds. work.
2. Middle tank – Glycogen (92 petrol). This tank is located a little further in the body and fuel comes from it with 15-30 seconds of physical work. This fuel is enough for 1-1.5 hours of operation.
3. Large tank - Fat (diesel fuel). This tank is located far away and it will take 3-6 minutes before fuel starts flowing from it. The reserve of fat in the human body for 10-12 hours of intense, aerobic work.

I didn’t come up with all this myself, but took extracts from books, literature, and Internet resources and tried to convey it to you succinctly. If you have any questions, write.