How to grow early potatoes - an experience from life. How to grow early potatoes by June: step-by-step growing instructions and ultra-early varieties The earliest potatoes for planting

Preparing potatoes for early planting

Before planting potato tubers for an early harvest, the tubers must be prepared for planting so that they germinate faster. For planting, at the end of February, healthy potato tubers of early varieties, not damaged by diseases and pests, should be selected the size of a chicken egg. We place the potatoes in three-liter jars (4 cans are needed for a bucket of potatoes) and fill them with hot water, which will help them come out of dormancy. Water should be 50-60-degree temperature. When the water drops to room temperature, the water must be drained and the jars placed on a warm, sunny windowsill to dry the tubers.

Sprouting early potatoes

Processing potato tubers before planting

After a few days, the potatoes need to be treated with a special solution, which will require:

• 2 liters of water;
• 0.5 teaspoon of baking soda;
• 0.5 teaspoon of copper sulfate;
• 0.5 teaspoon of boric acid;
• Potassium permanganate at the tip of a knife blade.

All this is thoroughly mixed and poured into a jar of potatoes for 10 minutes, after which it is poured into the next jar, kept for 10 minutes, etc. until the potatoes in all the jars have been processed. After that, we put the jars again on the windowsill and every 5 days we turn the jars with the other side to the sun.

Feeding potatoes before planting

After all the potatoes have been processed (pre-planting preventive treatment of potatoes from diseases and pests is carried out), the potatoes must be fertilized even before planting. One and a half to two weeks before planting potatoes in open ground, you need to again fill the jars with potatoes, but with a different solution, for which we use:

• 2 liters of water;
• 0.5 teaspoon of potassium;
• 0.5 teaspoon of superphosphate;
• 0.5 teaspoon of urea.

Like the previous solution, pour fertilizer into a jar for 10 minutes, then pour it into another jar. Repeat this until all the early potatoes have been processed.

Growing early potatoes in the garden

Sprouting potatoes before planting

In order for potatoes to grow faster in open ground, it can be pre-sprouted in a specially prepared place. To do this, you need steamed sawdust - fill them with boiling water, drain the water and let cool. We pour a layer of sawdust into a box on a PE film previously placed there. On top of the sawdust we lay out our potato tubers. Sprinkle potatoes with a thin layer of sawdust and crush with ash, which will protect our planting material from decay. We put the boxes one on top of the other next to the central heating battery so that they are warm.

Technology of growing early potatoes

Planting sprouted potatoes in open ground

After one and a half to two weeks, sprouted potatoes can be planted in the garden. You need to plant in pre-prepared grooves, into which you need to add a little humus and water abundantly. We carefully place the potatoes in the ditch so as not to damage the sprouts, and cover them with earth.

Within a week, sprouts should appear. As soon as the first ones appear, the potatoes need to be lightly spudded so that the return frosts, which are frequent guests in the middle lane, do not harm and destroy our early potato harvest. Three weeks after planting, potato bushes will bloom. The first harvest can be obtained even at the end of May, although this usually happens in early June.

Now you know how to grow early potatoes on the site. Bon appetit!

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To get an early harvest, you need to answer the question: why do you need an early harvest? It's one thing to get it for your own consumption, for a family of three or four. Another thing is to get a ton or two of such potatoes in order to sell it on the market as soon as possible to replenish the family budget. I'm just in the same business. In this case, we will talk about growing potatoes for our own needs. Most often, I communicate with those summer residents on whose plots 50-60 potato bushes grow. It’s like a help: we came for the weekend, dug up a few tubers to make soup or mashed potatoes.
To get early potatoes, you need to know three little tricks.
Firstly, to have seed material of precisely the early varieties of this crop. What is an early variety? This is such a variety, the growing season of which is approximately 60-70 days. In our Samara region, such varieties are Rosara, Fellox, Sprint, Aroza. And if you take some measures to prepare the seed tubers for planting, you will get an even earlier harvest. What is it about?

How to prepare tubers for planting

When growing potatoes, I adhere to the recommendations of the lunar calendar. Around March 20-25, and even better - a little earlier, I take out the seed tubers from the cellar and germinate them in boxes (they sell grapes and other vegetables, in a word, it’s not difficult to get them). I put tubers in boxes in one or two layers, no more. The ideal temperature for germination is 20-25 degrees. On April 20-25, I plant germinated tubers in the ground.

Freezing doesn't scare me.

You will say that it is very early, because there may be frosts. But I'm not afraid of them, that's how I "handle" them. Firstly, I plant the sprouted tubers shallowly, about 5-6 cm. The topsoil is already warming up enough by April 20-25. It will take about two weeks for the potatoes to rise. As soon as this happened (usually May 8-10), I take Fokin's flat cutter or a simple hoe and spud potatoes with a "head". If you feel that there will be another frost in your area, then you can once again spud the potatoes. This technique will save plantings from frosts, and enhance the development of the root system of plants, which means it will cause crop growth. But even if the frost "grabs" the tops, you should not be upset. Potatoes have the ability to grow new tops. True, at the same time you will lose a little in the harvest, but then it will be just an early harvest.
If you want to get a super early harvest, I will advise you one more small trick. You have been sprouting potatoes for a month. Moreover, 10-15 days are warm, and in the second half it is necessary to reduce the temperature to 8-15 degrees. At the same time, the sprouts should turn out to be healthy, powerful, green in color. After that, take the box, put sawdust, humus, straw on the bottom with a layer of 10 cm - in a word, everything that is at hand, lay out the germinated tubers in one layer and fill them with the same layer. In this substrate, before planting in the soil, they should be 7-10 days, no more. Why is it about such a period, but not more? The fact is that the tubers will have roots, they can “weave” and break off when planting, but this cannot be allowed. Regularly, the tubers need to be watered a little, you can even feed them, for example, with a weak solution of chicken manure or complex fertilizer. In the end, you can take an ash solution, a solution of potassium permanganate of a light cherry color.
If you use a similar growing technique, then in late June - early July you will get a crop of early potatoes. But, I repeat, we are talking about potatoes of early varieties.

storage potatoes

If you want to grow potatoes for storage, I would advise you to choose varieties with medium and medium late ripening, which average 110-115 days in the growing season. Why? Because such varieties have higher yields, and the potatoes themselves are tastier due to the higher percentage of starch contained in the tubers. I would advise growing, for example, Red Lady - beautiful potatoes, just a masterpiece! This is a mid-season high-yielding variety (15-18 tubers in each bush). The tubers have a red skin, yellow-cream flesh. They contain 15-20 percent starch. Varieties Zekura, Panda, Itessa are also ideal.
As a rule, I plant three or four varieties of potatoes. Somewhere around 15-20 percent of early potatoes, the rest are medium or medium late ripening. And be sure to choose varieties of potatoes with different colors of tubers - with white, pink, red skin. I noticed such a feature. There are years in which red-skinned potatoes are better, and white-skinned potatoes are much lower. The other year is the opposite. It also happens that the yield of early potatoes is higher, in medium varieties it is lower. The next year, the picture is different. The reason is the weather conditions, the presence or absence of rain. That is why it is necessary to plant several varieties in order to always be with a guaranteed harvest.

How to grow early potatoes by June? To get early potatoes in late May - early June, you can plant a dozen tubers for seedlings right now.

How to grow early potatoes by June: step-by-step growing instructions and ultra-early varieties

In early March, tubers are laid for germination, they can be laid out on trays to lie down for a week and dry.

Then lay the potatoes in a layer of 1-2 tubers in boxes and germinate further, not forgetting to turn them over once a week.

After a month, transfer the tubers to a layer of humus, sawdust or just earth 5 cm.

Spray the litter with a solution of copper sulfate (3%) and mineral fertilizers (1 tsp per 1 liter of water). Potatoes will taste better then!

You rarely lay out the tubers so that 3-4 cm remain between them. Only then the sprouts will be large and at the same time they will not be confused with each other.

Sprinkle the tubers on top with earth or humus with a layer of 2-3 cm.

In early May, sprouted potatoes are planted in ridges, which you do 2-3 days before, so that the earth has time to warm up in them.

The height of the comb is 20-25 cm, the distance between the centers is up to 70 cm.

Since potatoes love light, planting them under trees is highly discouraged. From the shade, the development of bushes slows down, the percentage of damage by late blight increases. Neighborhood with sea buckthorn should also be avoided.

Seedlings appear already on the 4-5th day, and by the end of May, the potatoes are already turning green with might and main.

You can protect it from frost by covering it with straw or mowed grass.

Do not forget about watering, especially during the growth of the tops.

A in June dig up the first bushes potatoes , choosing the most sprawling.

Advice to summer residents: to combat the wireworm, stock up on potash salt before planting potatoes. Put this fertilizer when planting in each hole (a pinch) along with the germinated tuber. By harvest, all potatoes are clean, without a single hole from the wireworm.

Early maturing potato varieties

From ultra-early potato varieties can advise:

• "Timo", both tasty and storable,
• "Ariel" both high-yielding and resistant to browning after heat treatment,
• "Riviera", as a large high-yielding with a presentation.

Video: Early potatoes by June

Spring day feeds the year. Gardeners, like no one else, know the power of this statement. And many of them are already actively preparing for the new season. Someone is already engaged in the vernalization of potatoes. It's certainly a good and necessary thing. To get early potatoes in late May - early June, you can plant a dozen tubers for seedlings right now. Our today's guest, Associate Professor of the Department of Horticulture of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Anna Gordeeva, will tell us how to do it correctly.

In this article, we will look at ways to get an early potato harvest. We will tell you how to choose and process seed material correctly, describe planting methods, watering features and other secrets of growing early potatoes.

Having at your disposal a small plot of land, you can place and grow all the vegetables and fruits you need in winter. There are many ways to economically plant vegetables so that they not only do not interfere with each other, but even help. For example, heat-loving crops such as beans and cucumbers can be planted along with corn. But only when the earth is sufficiently warmed by the sun.

But potatoes can be planted as early as March-April, when the thermometer starts to exceed 1 ° C. There are many ways to grow a potato crop before the onset of heat, but their effectiveness depends on the varieties and the correct processing of the seed material.

How to prepare, select and process planting material

It is necessary to select planting material at the time of harvesting potatoes. At the same time, it is worth considering that we collect an early harvest in late May - early June. Consequently, our seed potatoes will have to be stored for a longer period of time than tubers selected in the fall. In order to prevent the potatoes from germinating, they should be sorted out periodically, while rejecting spoiled ones and with thin thread-like sprouts.

Usually potatoes begin to germinate in the spring, shortly before planting, while still in the basement. The development of sprouts in a cold room is slow, so such potatoes should be laid out in boxes so that the main sprouts "look" up. When transferring them to a warm room for germination, the sprouts will not break off when shifting and processing.

Seed potatoes should weigh 40-80 grams. All tubers selected in the fall are not immediately placed in storage. They are left in the sun for a while until the potatoes take on a yellowish-greenish color. This means that the tubers were filled with solanine, a poisonous substance unsuitable for human consumption.

In addition, its bitter taste is not liked by insects wintering in the soil, including the Colorado potato beetle, which often begins to spoil planting material while still in the ground. Such a kind of hardening eliminates the rotting of potatoes during winter storage and ensures a quality crop.

Important: Before planting, the tubers must be treated with a mixture of mineral fertilizers. Add a teaspoon of copper sulfate, boric acid and potassium permanganate to a bucket of water, soak the planting material in it, then sprinkle generously with wood ash. This will strengthen the defense mechanisms and speed up the germination of potatoes.

When to plant potatoes

Early varieties can be planted in open ground at a temperature of +8 degrees. But no one can foresee the vagaries of nature. Sudden night frosts, despite the daytime temperature of +18, can destroy early shoots. The basic rule is that the ground should warm up to 15-18 degrees before planting.

But by this time, weeds are already breaking through and insect pests are waking up, which begin to spoil the tubers in the ground.

A folk sign - you should start planting potatoes after the buds come to life and turn green on the birch trees

Early landing methods

There are several ways to grow early potatoes:

• landing with the onset of heat;
• landing under covering materials;
• under pre-prepared ridge embankments.

Landing in open ground

This most common method of planting in the ground, warmed up to 10-15 degrees Celsius, is convenient for the southern regions of Russia. To avoid the damage that night frosts can cause, the sprouts on the tubers should be strong, but not too long. This will allow the plant to adapt to the cool soil and start growing when the tubers have warmed up to a sufficient temperature. The name of the early potato variety Sorokadnevka does not always mean that it can be dug up after 40 days. If the tubers are planted in insufficiently warmed soil, they will expect heat, which will increase the time before harvest. The countdown of days to harvest should begin from the moment the first sprouts appear.

Landing under ridge embankments prepared since autumn

This method justifies itself by the fact that at a temperature of 8-10 degrees, you can start landing. If you cut the ridges in the spring, you will have to wait until they warm up with the sun. The surface of the autumn hills warms up quickly after the snow melts.

Landing is as follows. A layer of rotted manure, compost or other organic material is applied to the depressions at the bottom of the embankment. Potatoes are placed on it with sprouts up, pressing a little. A 2 cm layer of compost is once again applied on top of the potatoes. It is not worth sprinkling tubers using the entire hill, 5-8 cm of the heated surface of the ridge is enough.

The remaining embankment is used gradually, after the earth in the ridge warms up and the first shoots appear. She will go for 3-4 hilling seedlings. Thus, before harvesting, the hill completely moves to the potatoes. When using this planting method, the weather conditions of the region should be taken into account. During cold snaps, the tops should be “put down” and sprinkled with soil from the ridge. As soon as the sun appears, it will again stretch upwards.

Landing under covering materials

This method has been giving the most positive results for a long time. Spunbond is a dense, but light enough fiber that can withstand frosts up to 5 degrees. Almost until flowering, potatoes are under white agrofibre. Watering can be both drip and sprinkler. Air and moisture freely enter through it, but heat does not escape. After the weather stabilizes and the agrofibre is removed from the site, it is easily washed, dried and stored for 5-8 years.

Growing potatoes under black agrofibre is somewhat different. Planting material is planted under a special marker that allows you to measure the exact distance between the laid tubers. After planting, the entire area is covered with a black spunbond and sprinkled with earth so that it is not torn off by the wind.

When the first shoots appear, the film in these places must be cut. In order not to repeat the procedure several times, using the same marker, you should cut it in those places where there are no seedlings yet.

Note to the gardener: Black agrofibre is more used as mulch when growing strawberries and wild strawberries. It can not be removed from the site for 3-5 years. This allows you to protect the site from weeds. The main thing is to choose the right fiber.

Planting and growing potatoes under straw

This growing method does not require deep gardening. It is enough to make small furrows or simply loosen the soil with a garden rake and spread out the planting potatoes. Sprinkle it with earth or compost and cover with last year's straw. The layer thickness is preferably 20-30 cm.

This method has its pros and cons. The advantages are:

• sprouts do not “break through” with difficulty through the ground, but are freely pulled through soft straw;
• young tubers are not compressed by the ground, therefore they grow faster;
• thanks to the sawdust mulch laid between the rows, there are no weeds;
• natural moisture is kept under the straw flooring, so there is no need for watering;
• It is difficult for the Colorado potato beetle to break out of the ground in these areas, since the soil is not loosened. It is inconvenient for him to make his way through the straws to the green tops;
• the crop is easily harvested by turning the flooring over with a pitchfork. After that, the potato lies on the surface of the inverted straw as a whole bush.

The only inconvenience, perhaps, is that such a site looks cluttered and sloppy due to heaps of straw. With strong gusts of wind, it has to be pressed with branches or other material so that it does not scatter.

When to Water Potatoes

There are two ways of watering - sprinkling and drip. Both methods are quite effective, but drip irrigation has some advantages over sprinkler irrigation.

Drip pipes are installed in the spring. The owner does not need to rearrange, drag and adjust the system. Since watering is carried out directly on the roots of plantings, cold snap and heat are not terrible for crops. You can moisten the soil at any time of the day as needed.

The sprinkler method is not advisable to use in hot weather, with the exception of the option when water is sprayed all day. Otherwise, if the tops are watered in the morning, hot weather during the day contributes to drying and wilting, which inhibits the growth of tubers. Night watering is the best option for sprinkler irrigation.

What else can be grown on the site after the potatoes are harvested

After harvesting potatoes, more heat-loving crops can be grown in the vacated area. For example, corn along with beans or seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, and early cucumbers. This will allow you to grow several types of necessary vegetables in a small area at once.

Olga Pushkareva, rmnt.ru

Everyone has tried at least once a potato dish. This vegetable is perfectly stored in the cellar throughout the year, retaining its taste. However, potatoes that have just been dug out of the ground are considered the most delicious and healthy. That is why early varieties of culture are so valued.

All varieties of culture can be divided into two main types: domestic and imported. It may happen that imported potatoes will give a less rich harvest than domestic ones.

early potatoes

Culture can also be classified according to the timing of maturation. Maturation is considered a period of time from the first sprouts to the moment of harvest.

The early ones alone have several divisions:

• ultra-early 45-55 days;
• early ripening 50-60 days;
• mid-early 60-85 days.

Grows well in the south early and ultra early potatoes that ripen before the onset of heat.

Also, a vegetable can be classified according to the purpose of cultivation:

• table - used for cooking;
• technical - starch and alcohol are produced from it;
• fodder - used to feed livestock;
• universal - something between technical and stern.

Any early variety can be classified according to its intended use. Early potatoes are good for eating in summer.

Ultra early

Ultra early (super early) disease resistant, gives a good harvest and has a short growing season.

Need to plant early late April-early May as soon as the soil warms up to a temperature of 8-10 degrees. To keep the potatoes for a long time, you should wait until the peel becomes thicker.

Ultra-early matures in an average of 50 days. This potato variety is a real find for amateur farmers. The tubers contain many nutrients, are smooth, tasty and have a good presentation for sale.

The most popular ultra-early: "Riviera", "", "Timo".

Early maturing

Early ripening can begin to dig already after 40-45 days. Especially popular variety -. The tubers are large, even, elongated, and the flesh is creamy.

The only thing is that early ripening varieties have a small percentage of starch; during cooking, they remain hard. Preparation for planting begins in early April, a month before planting in open soil. In early May, tubers with sprouts can already be planted in the soil.

The advantage of early ripening is that it is not susceptible to infection by fungus and disease.

The fruit has a beautiful appearance and has amazing taste properties. In the period of frost, wintering is well tolerated. In one season, you can have time to get 2 crops.

mid-early

Mid-early table appointments are intended for food and animal feed.

The fruits are ripening on day 60. Potatoes of this classification are well resistant to many infections, except late blight. Suitable for sale due to the aesthetic appearance. Has excellent taste.

Which variety is considered the earliest

Varieties of "forty days" are ultra-early and give the first harvest already after 40 days. after germination.

These include the following: "Bullfinch", "", "Luck", "Zhukovsky early", "Timo", "Charoit", "Meteor", "", "".

For different geographical locations

Potatoes grown in central Russia are tastier than in the south.

The right climate, rich soils contribute to a rich harvest. Planting early ripening makes it possible to get the first harvest in early July. Early ones appear already 50-60 days after planting.

For the middle lane Suitable for Russia: "Friendly", "Ural early", "Luck", "Sosnovsky", "Belarusian", "Slavyanka", "Vyatka".

For the Moscow region must be resistant to diseases, unpretentious to climate change. It is recommended to plant: "Spring", "Zhukovsky", "Timo", "", "Lugovskoy".

For Northwest regions you need to plant varieties that are most adapted to soil and climatic conditions: Amorosa, Zhukovsky Early, Impala, Karatop, Latona, Prigozhiy 2, Fresco, Adretta, Christmas, "", "Aurora", "".

Description of potato varieties

Consider the most popular:

Foreign selection

Among the most popular imported: "Bellarosa", "Red Scarlet", "Romano", "Impala", "Ariel", "Veneta".