How to adjust the heat meter in an apartment building. Is it profitable to install an individual heat meter in an apartment and how to do it correctly. Electromagnetic heat metering

The heat meter is multifunctional microprocessor a device programmed to calculate the amount of heat.

According to energy saving standards, such devices should stand not only at central thermal power plants, but also in every house with central heating.

Why is a heat meter needed and how does it work in an apartment building?

To control the quality of heating services heat meters are used. If the batteries were not hot enough, then you would not have to pay the full cost for heating your home.

Taking into account the constant growth of utility tariffs, an individual meter help you save a lot. At thermal power plants, such devices have long been installed to control the quality of services.

Multi-apartment buildings were also required to have heat meters to encourage energy-saving measures. Installing a heat meter allows you to check how well the coolant is supplied to the house, to detect and eliminate possible losses from incorrect laying and wear of the heating main.

Varieties of heat meters according to the principle of operation

General heat meters that are installed on houses with centralized heating is large-sized expensive appliances. They have a wide diameter for inlet and outlet pipes ( from 32 to 300 mm), as they pass through a large amount of coolant. Acquisition and installation is carried out at the expense of the residents of the house, and the testimony is controlled either by a responsible person appointed by the residents themselves, or by a representative of the public utilities.

Individual counters the price is much lower. They are designed for less bandwidth(no more 3 cubic meters per hour) and therefore much more compact.

Such devices can mounted both for the entire apartment (with a horizontal heating system), and for each battery separately (if there are several vertical risers).

In new residential complexes, apartment heat meters are often installed at the construction stage.

Any thermometer is equipped with computing module, temperature and flow sensors. But according to the principle of measuring the amount of consumed coolant, the meter can be next type:

electromagnetic;
mechanical;
ultrasonic;
vortex.

For each type of device has its advantages and disadvantages associated with design features.

electromagnetic

The measuring principle is based on electromagnetic induction. The device is hydrodynamic generator. From the influence of a magnetic field in water, an electric current is excited, the amount of heat is determined by the field strength and the potential difference on oppositely charged electrodes. Because of high sensitivity heat meter requires very high quality installation and regular maintenance. Without periodic cleaning, an error in the readings appears in the direction of increase.

Photo 1. Electromagnetic heat meter Fort-04 with 2 flange flow meters from the manufacturer Termo-Fort.

The heat meter may react to electronic devices nearby. Possesses great precision accounting in many ways. Works both mains and batteries. Most compact type of thermometer. Recommended for installation with increased system pressure. Installation is possible at any angle, but subject to the constant presence of a coolant in the installation area.

Reference. If pipe diameter heating and meter flange does not match, then it is allowed to use adapters.

Mechanical

The flow meter in such a device rotary type(vane, turbine or screw). The principle of operation is similar to that of a water meter, but in addition to the quantity, the temperature of the water passing through the mechanism is also taken into account. The advantages of this type appliances as follows:

low cost;
non-volatile (powered by batteries);
lack of electrical elements (allows installation in adverse conditions);
Possibility of vertical mounting.

A little increases the cost instrument obligatory installation of a strainer, without which the internal mechanism quickly clogs and wears out. Due to the impossibility of using with high rigidity and contamination of the coolant with rust, mechanical meters can only be installed as individual meters.

to essential shortcomings applies to lack of information storage per day, and impossibility of remote reading data. In addition, the device is very sensitive to water hammer, and the pressure loss in the heating system is higher than that of other types of models.

Ultrasonic: can measure and adjust

The measurement is being taken using ultrasound. Depending on the flow rate of the coolant, the time of passage of the ultrasonic wave from the transmitter, installed on one side of the pipe, to the receiver, located opposite, changes. device does not affect the hydraulic pressure in the system. If the coolant is clean, then measurement accuracy is very high, A service life is almost infinite. With contaminated water or pipes, the error of the heat meter data increases.

Photo 2. Ultrasonic heat meter ENKONT with a primary flow converter made of stainless steel, manufactured by ACC Electronics LLC.

Great information content such a counter, and the instrument readings can be read remotely. But you will have to spend money on UPS, since the device only works from the mains. There are models with additional control function water supply through two different channels. This allows you to change the speed of the coolant and the degree of heating of the radiators. Due to their reliability, ultrasonic devices are widely used, despite the high cost.

Vortex

The principle of operation is due to a physical phenomenon vortex formation when water meets an obstacle. Engaged permanent magnet, which is placed outside the pipe, triangular prism, mounted vertically in a pipe and measuring electrode, a little further in the direction of the coolant.

Flowing around a prism, water forms eddies(pulsating changes in flow pressure). According to the frequency of their formation, information is displayed on the volume of the coolant that has passed through the pipe.

The advantage of this type of thermometer is independence from pollution pipes and water. This allows you to accurately measure the temperature in old houses with worn-out iron heating wiring.

Can be installed on both vertical and horizontal pipes. The operation of the device is affected only by sudden changes in the flow rate of the coolant and large particles of debris or air in the system. Energy consumption instrument minimum And one battery will last for years. Indications and fault signals are transmitted remotely by radio.

Accounting for the required amount of heat in the apartment

The amount of heat is calculated using a heat meter. The program works according to the algorithm, which the following factors influence:

type of coolant in the system (steam or liquid);
type heating systems(closed or open);
structure system for dissipating heat.

The calculation is relative, since it is formed from many individual quantities and at every stage inevitably arise errors (normally up to ±4%). The principle of measurement is based on the fact that when passing through the heating system, the coolant gives off heat to the premises, it is this that is considered consumed by the consumer.

Quantity is measured heat in Gcal/h (gigacalories per hour) when the mass of the coolant that has passed through the device is taken for the product, or in kWh (kilowatts per hour), if the volume was fixed. For the following formulas:

Q=Qm×k×(t1-t2)×t (Gcal/h) or Q=V×k×(t1-t2) (in kWh).

Qm- mass in tons,

t1- inlet temperature

t2- outlet temperature

V- volume in cubic meters,

T- time in hours

K- thermal coefficient according to GOST,

Q- the amount of heat supplied to the premises.

Basic requirements for apartment appliances

The main requirements for heat meters are legislative norms. The brand of the device must be present in the register of admissible in the field of commerce. Government approval required metrology. Installation of heat meters is carried out only by licensed companies.

In modern houses, the installation of heat meters does not raise any questions; as a rule, an apartment is a heating network from which heating pipes are made.

In this scheme, meters and thermostats are placed at the access point. It's more difficult if the layout is vertical, then simple solutions won't work.

System assessment and analysis must be completed before an installation date is given

And even better, before installing the heat meter, so that you can evaluate the correctness of the solution. Thus, when wiring vertically in an apartment, different plotters can be used in different spaces, which means that multiple devices are required to correctly register incoming gigacals.

Before installing them, this problem should be agreed with the management company, otherwise your testimony will simply not be taken into account.

Thus, sometimes connecting a heat meter is the final phase of the whole job, and you need to know that this will not go wrong with the performer. You have to consider the correct set of documents:

Contract for the installation of a heat meter;
Heat meter installation project;
Heat meter;
Acts for commissioning and acceptance of works;
Reception and installation of the counter.

Of course, our company will provide all these documents, and we recommend that you keep them for the entire period of operation of the devices.

Sometimes it's easy to get them, but it's desirable.

Prices and benefits for owners of installed meters

In most cases, all work is evaluated individually, depending on the scope of work and pipe configuration, but in general, the prices for installing heat meters are in the range of 12-15 thousand rubles.

From the point of view of future savings on payments, this is not such a big investment, because savings for just one heating range range from 6 to 8 thousand rubles, even in the case of ODN. This means that most of the bills will be paid during the second heating season.

If the thermostat is installed at the same time, the total cost of the heat meter will not change, but the return period will be reduced.

Controlling the amount of incoming coolant provides additional savings.

At the same time, the plan is included in the total cost and does not require additional fees for considering various options for setting up equipment. When performing a complex work (for example, replacing pipes or radiators), our company offers additional discounts, since labor costs will be reduced.

Manufacturers counter Pulsar (Russia)

Therefore, this is a direct advantage and the installation of a heat meter, the price of which seems high, is actually a temporary investment in a constantly reduced certificate amount in the coming years.

It follows from the practice of our company that the vast majority of our customers who have evaluated the benefits of paying for water with their tools are being reviewed.

For them, the installation of heat meters for heating is obvious in terms of reducing useful payments. And we noticed that the form of ownership is practically unimportant, the tasks come from the owners of different dwellings.

Residential heat meter - principle of operation

We also recommend that you take into account the benefits of an individual heat control system supplied to your home in order to reduce the cost of these costs. The optimal solutions to these savings will be found together when we look at plumbing in your home.

Quarterly recording of thermal energy possible only with horizontal wiring system for heat supply!!! *

Call us or leave a request on the site, and our manager will contact you.

Our prices

	Installation cost 1 water meter	from 1700 rubles
Cost of replacing 1 water meter	from 1400 rubles
	Meter installation cost	from 12 000 rubles
Meter replacement cost	from 7,000 rubles
	Installation of the first radiator	from 3200 rubles
Installing the first radiator with 2 1/2"	from 4200 rubles
Jumper	1800 rubles
Installing the first radiator by replacing two 3/4"	from 4700 rubles
Jumper	2000 rubles
Installation of the first radiator by replacing two taps 1 "	from 5000 rubles
Jumper	2400 rubles

Installation of an individual heat meter

Dmitry Chernokaltsev, lawyer, St. Petersburg.

I live in Stavropol. I am the owner of housing in a new multi-storey (14 floors) apartment building.

The house is heated very poorly, the heat does not reach my last floor at all.

I applied to the HOA with a statement to install an individual heat meter in my apartment. The HOA replied that the project only provides for a central meter in the house and I have no right to install an individual control device in my apartment, as I will violate the engineering system of the whole house.

I sought advice from the Stavteplostroy organization, which officially installs these devices, and their specialist did not find any technical obstacles to installing a heat meter in my apartment.

The HOA refused me on the grounds that he did not need it and there is no law on the basis of which I have the right to install a heat meter in my apartment. And if I install him, then his testimony will not be considered.

For some reason, the management of the HOA sent me to the heating network on this issue, and there they refused to talk to me on this topic at all and sent me back to the HOA.

Explain how, in what order, on the basis of what laws, documents and statements I can install a heat meter in my apartment and oblige the HOA to take it into operation?

V. Zhuravlev,

Stavropol

The procedure for paying for utilities is established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 N 354 "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" (hereinafter referred to as the Rules).

In accordance with the Rules, public services are understood as the activities of the contractor to supply consumers with any communal resource individually or two or more of them in any combination in order to ensure favorable and safe conditions for the use of residential, non-residential premises, common property in an apartment building, as well as land plots and residential buildings (households) located on them.

A communal resource is understood as cold and hot water, electricity, natural gas, thermal energy, domestic gas in bottles, solid fuel in the presence of stove heating, used to provide public services.

Domestic waste water discharged through centralized networks of engineering and technical support is also equated to communal resources.

In accordance with clause 42 of the Rules, accounting for the volume (quantity) of utilities provided to the consumer in a residential or non-residential premises is carried out using individual, common (apartment), room meters.

Metering devices of an approved type that have been tested in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on ensuring the uniformity of measurements are allowed for use.

Information on the compliance of the metering device with the approved type, information on the date of the primary check of the metering device and on the intertest interval established for the metering device, as well as the requirements for the operating conditions of the metering device must be indicated in the accompanying documents for the metering device.

According to par.

The principle of operation of the heat meter for heating

81 of the Rules, equipping residential or non-residential premises with metering devices, putting the installed metering devices into operation, their proper technical operation, safety and timely replacement must be ensured by the owner of the residential or non-residential premises.

The commissioning of the installed metering device, that is, the documentation of the metering device as a metering device, according to the indications of which the amount of payment for utilities is calculated, is carried out by the contractor on the basis of an application from the owner of a residential or non-residential premises submitted to the contractor.

The installed metering device must be put into operation no later than the month following the date of its installation.

In this case, the contractor is obliged, starting from the day following the day the meter is put into operation, to calculate the amount of payment for the corresponding type of utility service, based on the readings of the meter put into operation.

The procedure for calculating utility bills using individual metering devices does not contain exceptions regarding heating bills. Thus, the refusal of the HOA to accept the device for operation is unlawful, you have the opportunity to restore your violated rights in court.

The principle of operation of the heat meter based on the calculation of the amount of heat using data received from the flow sensor and two temperature sensors.

How does a heating meter work and how does it happen

The meter measures the amount of water entering the heating system, the temperature of the water at the inlet and outlet of the heating system.

The amount of heat is determined as the product of the flow rate of the coolant passing through the heating system and the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of it.

Q \u003d G (t1 - t2), Gcal / h

Where
G is the mass flow rate of the coolant, t/h;
t1 and t2 are the coolant temperatures at the system inlet and outlet, respectively, °C.

Flow data is transmitted to the calculator from the flow sensor, temperature data is transmitted from two temperature sensors, one of which is installed in the supply pipeline of the heating system, and the second in the return.

Based on the received data, the heat meter calculator determines the amount of heat consumed and enters this data into the archive.

The data on the consumed heat energy is displayed on the LCD screen, or can be taken using a standard optical interface.

What affects the accuracy of the heat meter

The error of the meter when calculating the consumed heat depends on the errors of the flow meter, temperature sensors and the calculator that processes the collected values.

For apartment accounting, meters are used with an allowable error in calculating the amount of heat in the range from +/-6 to +/-10%.

More information about the accuracy classes and errors of the device can be found in the section Technical characteristics of heat meters.

The actual error may be greater than the basic error due to the technical characteristics of the components.

The error of the device increases if:

The temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the system is less than 3°C.
The coolant flow rate is below the minimum flow rate specified in the technical characteristics of the device.
The installation was performed in violation of the manufacturer's requirements (most manufacturers void their warranty obligations if the meter was installed by an unlicensed organization).

And here is an unpleasant moment for lovers of magnetic braking of the device - modern heat meters are protected from magnetic fields.

How is heat consumption measured?

When calculating the tariff, the gigacalorie (Gcal) is taken as a unit of thermal energy.

However, Gcal is a non-systemic unit of measurement, which has been widely used since the times of the USSR and has remained a legacy of the post-Soviet countries.

Most heat meters are manufactured in Europe and when calculating the consumed heat they use the unit introduced into the international SI system - gigajoule (Gj) or the generally accepted international non-systemic unit - kilowatt hour (kWh).

Counters accounting in gigacalories presented on our market are made either in Ukraine or on a separate line for the Ukrainian consumer, which is hardly their positive feature.

This difference does not become an obstacle in calculations with a heat supply organization, because both gigajoules and kilowatt hours are converted into gigacalories by simply multiplying by a coefficient.

Reading data from the heat meter

LCD display all heat meters are equipped with a screen for visual readings by simply switching between menu sections with one button.

OPTO The transmitter is included in the basic package of most European-made devices and is designed to take readings using the OPTO head and output them to a PC.

As a rule, the OPTO sensor is used to receive and print extended data on the operation of the heat meter.

M bus the module may be included in the delivery of the meter and is designed to connect the device to a wired network of centralized readings collection by a heat supply organization.

Several devices are combined into a low-current (39V) network using a twisted pair and connected to a hub that polls them at a certain frequency, generates a report and displays it on a PC, or sends it to a heat supply organization.

Radio The module can also be included in the delivery of the heat meter and is designed for wireless data transmission via radio frequency over a distance of up to several hundred meters. An inspector with a receiver tuned to a given frequency, falling within the range of the device, records the readings received and transmits them to the heat supply organization.

In some European countries, the collection of readings from metering devices is entrusted to the household waste collection service, the receiver is fixed on a garbage truck moving along a fixed route and interrogating devices installed in the area.

Error logging

All heat meters are equipped with a self-test system for errors.

The calculator interrogates the connected sensors with a given frequency and, in case of their damage, registers an error, displays the error code on the display and enters data on its appearance in the archive.

Below are some of the possible errors recorded by the heat meter:

Temperature sensor damage
Flow sensor damage
Incorrect installation of temperature sensors
Incorrect installation of the flow sensor
The presence of air in the flow path
Weak battery charge
Positive temperature difference with no flow for more than 1 hour.

Archiving readings

All heat meters record in the archive data on the accumulated values of thermal energy, volume and operating time with an error on a given day of the month.

In some heat meters, you can set the date for recording readings, and in some also the frequency.

In Ukraine, heat meters are presented with an archive depth of 12 months or more.

One of the real ways to save on utility bills is the installation of heating meters, which, despite the rather high cost, pay off very quickly. Of course, thanks to many bureaucratic procedures, the installation of such metering equipment is considered a troublesome business, but believe me, it's worth it.

The principle of operation of heat meters and existing modifications

All existing home heat meters work on the principle of taking into account the amount of heat carrier received and the temperature difference in the supply and return pipelines of the heating system.

Manufacturers offer models that work on the basis of various physical principles, most often the following modifications are used for installation in apartments or houses:

Apartment heat meter mechanical Pollucom E

In addition to these two modifications, electromagnetic, vortex and some other devices are also used.

But all of them have not been widely used.

How to start installing a heat meter

Be prepared for the fact that before you put the meter on heating, you will have to go through a long process of obtaining permits. First of all, it is worth saying that the installation of an individual meter is not possible in all apartment buildings.

Almost all Soviet-built buildings are equipped with a heating system with vertical risers.

How a heat meter works, types and characteristics of these devices

For this reason, accounting for the consumption of consumed thermal energy is possible only when installing a separate meter for each radiator, which is not economically feasible. In this case, it is recommended to install a group meter either on the house as a whole or on a separate entrance (although the latter option is used very rarely).

So, where to start work on installing a heat energy meter:

But it is worth paying tribute to the designers, in many cases they advise the most suitable metering device for certain conditions, so their advice should be heeded.

The main thing is not to make a mistake in choosing an organization that will develop a project for installing a heat meter, try to give preference to trusted companies with real reviews.

The developed project is subject to mandatory coordination with the organization supplying heat.
Although, serious designers solve all these issues themselves thanks to long-established working relationships, although this may affect the cost of project development services.
Based on the obtained permits, it is already possible to select a specific meter.
Usually it is possible to purchase 2-3 modifications from different manufacturers.
Trust the installation work should be certified companies. Self-installation of a heat meter or the services of dubious specialists can result in problems when putting the meter into operation.
Upon completion of all installation work, the meter must be accepted by representatives of the heat supplier.
The meter is sealed and the owner is responsible for the safety of both the seals and the meter itself.

On average, the entire procedure associated with the installation of a heat energy meter can take 1-6 months, it all depends on the amount of money invested and the promptness of all organizations involved.

A few words about the choice of the meter and the total cost of installation

When choosing a meter, first of all, pay attention to the date of its factory verification (operability check and assessment of the accuracy of the readings).

Remember that in a few years you will have to perform such a procedure on your own, and for a fairly tidy sum.

Therefore, it is worth giving preference to metering devices released in the current year at the time of purchase.

If you evaluate the total cost of installing a heat meter, then be prepared for the fact that all total costs will exceed the cost of the device by at least 2-3 times. Even an inexpensive heat meter (within 9-10 thousand rubles) will cost an average of 20-25 thousand. Therefore, count on this amount immediately.

Apartment tachometric meters from Polish manufacturers

Quite widely on the market there is an apartment heating meter manufactured under the ELF brand (developed by Apator-Powogaz).

This is a tachometric meter with an electronic screen that allows you to easily read information about the amount of heat energy consumed. The display shows information about the volume of the received coolant, the temperature at the inlet and return, the temperature difference, current heat costs and power.

Tachometric heating meter ELF

On sale you can find modifications with different conditional passages (DN 15-20), designed to control different volumes of coolant.

The following important data should be attributed to the general technical characteristics:

The temperature of the controlled coolant can be from +5 to +105 degrees Celsius.
The minimum difference between the considered supply and return temperatures is only 3 degrees, and can reach 100 degrees.
The nominal flow rate of the controlled coolant (depending on the remote control and modification) is from 0.6 to 2.5 cubic meters per hour.
It can be used in heating systems with coolant pressure up to 1.6 MPa.
The error in the readings does not exceed 2%.
The average cost of the device is 10 thousand rubles.

Meters of this brand can be used for installation in separate apartments and buildings, for heating of which a thermal power of not more than 85 kW is required.

This heat meter is just an example, on sale you can find devices at different prices and with different technical characteristics.

Entrust your choice to professionals who can take into account all the nuances of the heating system.

At the same time, remember that all expenses will pay off more than quickly enough. It is the devices for monitoring and metering the consumption of energy resources that are the future.

News

Heat metering and heat energy saving

Many people have the idea that a heat meter allows you to save heat, just by being in the house, but the metering device only allows you to record the amount of heat energy released to the subscriber.

What are heat meters or heat meters?

A heat meter is a set of devices consisting of a heat calculator and a primary flow and temperature converter (flow meters).

Thermal calculator is a compact microprocessor device. Based on the data from the primary converters on the flow rate of the coolant and the temperature values at the inlet and outlet of the heating circuit, it determines the amount of consumed thermal energy.

According to the readings of the calculator, payment is made for the consumed thermal energy. The function of primary transducers is to translate the measured values (flow rate, temperature, water pressure) into electrical signals understandable to the calculator. Often, the computing module of a heat meter is used to monitor, accumulate, process, store and transmit information to external devices from other metering devices.

The classic option is combined metering of heat, hot and cold water consumption; but it is also possible to connect gas, electric meters, instrumentation. To implement this, it is necessary that the heat meter calculator has additional pulse inputs, and the connected devices have outputs. In some cases, heat meters are equipped with such ports as standard, in others as an option.

How to regulate the heat meter?

Many people have the idea that a heat meter allows you to save heat, just by being in the house, but not everything is so simple.

The metering device allows you to record the amount of thermal energy released to the subscriber and makes it possible to pay money not for mythical standards, but for real heat consumption. As a rule, the difference between the standard and the actual consumption is from 15 to 40% in favor of the subscriber!

In every home, as a rule, there are people or organizations responsible for the heat meter and its adjustment.

They regularly go down to the basement and control how much heat the house has consumed. If, in their opinion, consumption is higher than last month, they begin to turn off the valve and reduce heat consumption, saving residents money. The main criterion for such regulation is to pay less. Behind the seeming simplicity, "pitfalls" are hidden.

With a single-pipe heating system, it is very important that there is a certain flow rate for each riser, that is, a certain amount of coolant must pass in a certain time through a specific section of the pipeline.

When they begin to close the tap on the heat meter, they accordingly reduce the amount of water passing through the system and reduce the flow rate for each individual riser. As a result, heat transfer on the first heaters decreases by 1-2%, and on the latter up to 25-30%. There is a temperature difference in apartments located even on the same riser.

The farther the apartment risers are located from the heat input, the more the coolant cools down, the colder it will be in distant apartments. The system simply does not have enough hot water, remember that the water was “pressed down” on the meter.

Saving heat, from such an adjustment, is likely to be, but there will be a large temperature difference in the apartments of the same house.

Regulation by clamping is also undesirable because ball valves are usually installed at metering stations. Ball valves are valves and are intended only for operation in two positions: "open" and "closed". Working in an intermediate, half-open position leads to the fact that the shut-off element of the valve - the ball, wears out intensively due to mechanical impurities present in the water.

As a result, the valve loses its tightness and becomes inoperable.

What to do?

The heat meter does not provide thermal comfort and money savings at the same time, it only shows how much heat is released to the subscriber. By “pressing down” the heat meter with a tap, you can save money, but at the same time the quality of the heat supply at home is deteriorating.

Existing heating systems do not allow efficient management of heat consumption and reduce costs for the consumption of heat resources, while maintaining the quality of space heating. Comprehensive solutions are needed. First of all, it is necessary to modernize heat supply enterprises, introduce new and energy efficient equipment apply other approaches in the tariff policy.

It is necessary to limit heat loss by reducing the thermal conductivity of the building envelope (sealing windows, installing plastic windows, insulating walls, roofs, basements and attics).

Engineering systems in the basement require reconstruction, installation insulation individual automatic heating points. Automatic control of the temperature of the heat carrier at the entrance to the building will allow changing the temperature of the heat carrier depending on the temperature of the outside air with the provision of pumped circulation of the heat carrier in the heating system. It is necessary to apply individual automatic control of heat transfer of heating devices by installing thermostatic valves on them, which will allow maintaining a comfortable temperature in the room only when there are people there, lowering the temperature at night or during the period when there are no people in the room.

Types of heat meters for heating, and their installation

This is interesting (the use of heat meters)

It is possible to talk about a real interest in saving the thermal energy of end users only if there is an apartment-by-apartment metering. With horizontal wiring of the pipes of the heating system, when the coolant alternately bypasses all the heating devices in the apartment, and then returns to the main, it is not so difficult to organize accounting: it is enough to install a heat meter kit.

However, most Russian multi-storey buildings are heated by vertical pipe systems, and one apartment can have from two to six risers (each serving one or two heaters). In such houses, apartment-by-room heat metering is, alas, technically impossible yet. Because on one radiator, the heat meter will not be able to measure the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet, also if the hydraulic resistance of the entire riser changes when the heat meters are installed on the riser - for a number of these reasons and the ensuing consequences, the service organization simply will not allow such devices to be installed at home ...

and will be right.

In world practice, the solution to the above problem was found in the use of heat energy cost allocators. In this case, the heat meter is mounted only at the input of the heat supply system to the building, and a small non-volatile device is installed on each radiator in the apartment - the heat cost distributor.

Some models of distributors are equipped with a built-in radio transmitter or a wired communication interface, which allows them to be included in an automated system for reading readings and monitoring heat consumption.

The devices are powered by built-in lithium batteries with a long service life. Heating cost allocator (distributors) - an electronic device that measures the temperature of the radiator and the room and calculates the number of heat units from them as a share of the general house consumption. The cost allocator is installed directly on the surface of each radiator in the apartment. The cost of the distributor is low and the total cost of creating an apartment heat metering system (including the cost of the necessary additional components and the cost of installation work) is significantly lower than the system using heat meters.

The number of distributors must be at least 70% of the number of radiators in the house. With a 100% installation of distributors, the accuracy of calculations is maximum. The calculations are complex and require equipment for taking readings and special software products with iterative balancing procedures.

Distributors are used in houses with vertical heating distribution. For accurate accounting, all radiators must be the same.

But this is not always possible - such is the modern legislative framework.

Installing a heating meter in an apartment seems like a reasonable solution

Beneficial or not

The payment for heating in recent years has become more and more, and many people are thinking about putting a heating meter in the apartment. This is possible if your house has a common house heat metering unit and the UK / TZhS / ZhEK keeps records on individual meters. The second condition is the horizontal distribution of heating in the apartment. Unfortunately, most of the high-rise buildings have vertical wiring - in every or almost every room there is a riser from which radiators are powered. With this type of wiring, counters will have to be installed on each riser, and this is not cheap and this event will pay off for a long time.

If you are lucky and have horizontal wiring in your house, installing a heating meter is definitely beneficial. How much depends on how large heat losses are in your apartment. If the apartment is "internal", has few walls facing the street and / or these walls are insulated, if there are plastic windows or wooden ones, but new and windproof, if the doors are insulated, the benefit can be very large. After installing a heat meter, it may turn out that you pay only a small part of the previous charges on a general basis.

Savings can be significant

But that's not all: at the moment, heating payments for individual heat meters will only be charged if they are installed and put into operation in 100% of residential and non-residential premises of the house. This is real only in new buildings, which are rented immediately with metering devices. In other houses, such cases are extremely rare, which casts doubt on the feasibility of installation.

Rules for the installation and operation of heat meters in an apartment

In order to put a heat meter in the apartment for the heating season, you need to start acting ahead of time, better - before the end of the heating season. The procedure is as follows:

You turn to the Criminal Code / HOA / Housing Office where you are given technical conditions for connecting an individual heat energy meter. This is one sheet that indicates the network parameters in your home: temperature, pressure.
Buy a heat meter. You need to buy it certified, in a legal campaign. You must have a sales receipt and a cash receipt, an instruction manual, a quality certificate, in which the date of the state verification must be indicated, there must also be information about who carried out the verification (name of organization).
Next, find a design organization that has a license for this type of service. Based on the technical conditions and the available meter, they are preparing a project.

Installing a heat meter for heating takes a couple of hours

The whole process may take two or more months or even more - therefore it is better to start acting in advance in order to be in time before the start of the heating season. In principle, in every more or less large city there are organizations that will do all this for you, but their services are far from cheap.

What is the legal basis

If you need the names of regulatory documents regulating the conditions for the provision of public services, here are the current regulations:

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May 6, 2011 N 354 "On the provision of public services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings."
On April 16, 2013, some changes were made to the current resolution.

Learn the legal framework

The procedure for calculating payment for heat, determining tariffs - all this is determined by the regional authorities, in order to know exactly how things are in your region, you need to study the regulatory framework of your particular region. The only thing that operates throughout Russia is the need to install accounting for common house meters.

How often to take readings

In fact, this is a difficult question - there are different types of heat meters and the procedure for taking readings is very different. It is described in detail in the instruction manual, which you should have.

Now it is necessary to transfer the testimony once every half a year.

By the way, according to the latest decision (No. 344 of 04/16/2013), you do not have to submit testimony every month. You are obliged to do this every six months, and the organization must recalculate according to the testimony you submitted.

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Verification

The primary verification of the meter for heating in the apartment takes place at the factory it was manufactured, which is necessarily noted in the product passport. A mark is also made on the front panel of the device. The frequency of further verifications depends on the type of meter, the verification interval is also recorded in the passport. On average, it is 3-5 years.

The installation location of the heat meter is determined when drafting the project

If your heat energy meter needs to be checked out, it is better to do it immediately after the end of the heating season, as the procedure can take several months. Before removing the meter, you need to notify the Criminal Code / Homeowners' association, they will come and record the readings. Then you can remove the device. After verification, you put the meter in place, call the Criminal Code again, wait for them to come and seal the meter. On this verification can be considered finished. It remains only to figure out where to give the heat meter for verification. There are only three options:

Service center of the manufacturer of your meter.
A commercial organization licensed for this type of activity.
Subdivision of the enterprise Rostest.

Verification of an individual heat meter can be carried out in any of these organizations. You can first ask about the terms and prices and choose the most suitable option.

Types of apartment meters for heating

There are several types of heating meters in the apartment. Each of them has some drawbacks, there is no ideal one, but you still have to choose. Let's take a quick look at the characteristics and features of each type:

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Mechanical or tachometric. In fact, they are very similar to ordinary water meters - an impeller is installed in the housing. According to the installation method, they are turbine and screw. They react poorly to the presence of mechanical impurities in water, so a coarse filter should be at the inlet. Their plus is their low price, which determines their popularity.
Vortex. There is a small obstacle in the device, behind which the coolant is twisted into vortices. The velocity of these vortices is used to calculate the velocity of the coolant. This device is installed between the supply and return (unlike all others).

Ultrasonic Heat Meter

When buying a heating meter for an apartment, pay attention to the fact that it has a quality certificate, which should contain data on its verification. The date and name of the organization that carried out the verification should be indicated.

Summing up, it is worth saying that a heating meter in an apartment is beneficial if you have eliminated all possible heat leaks.

These days, the lion's share of family income is spent on heating bills. Every year this service becomes more and more expensive, but not everyone's income increases, so many families are forced to tighten their belts more tightly so that it is warm in the home in winter. It goes without saying that many would like to minimize and begin to keep these costs under personal control. Fortunately, there is a way out of this situation. To do this, it is necessary to purchase and install heat meters for heating.

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This device is designed to keep records of energy consumption for heating a home. As practice shows, if you install the heat meter correctly, you can save from 25 to 50% of money on heating the living space. Such a difference in amounts is dictated by the features of the building in which the installation of this equipment is planned. In this article we will talk about the principle of operation of this equipment, its classification and how to properly install heat meters.

How does a heat meter work

Regardless of the type, any such device is equipped with the following devices:

energy number meter;

material resistance temperature transducer;
primary converter of heat consumption.

Also, the device can be equipped with optional elements if there is such a need or if the customer wishes. It can be

power supplies for individual elements of the heat meter;

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excess pressure transducer.

Heat meter elements

In addition to its main function - control of heating energy consumption, such equipment can be used for the following purposes:

measurement of the operating time of any of the devices that is installed within the metering area;
measurement of average coolant temperatures over the past hour or day;
measurement of energy used over the last hour and in general since the installation of the device;
the difference between the quantities of coolant at the inlet or outlet of the heating system;
calculation of the amount of coolant that is required for the normal operation of the heating system.

Heat meter with sensors

As mentioned above, the main purpose of heat meters is to calculate and display the exact amount of thermal energy that was used by the consumer to heat the home. The device does not crash, and therefore displays only the real figures of energy consumption. A special calculator, which is equipped with each unit of such equipment, gives the total number of all thermal energy that was consumed by the consumer in one hour. In this case, temperature differences in the coolant are displayed, as well as its quantity at the beginning and at the end of the heating system cycle.

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Heat meters are equipped with temperature sensors and flow sensors, which are responsible for displaying information. One of these devices is installed in the supply water main, and the other in the return pipe. Sensors take readings, then special computing equipment processes them, after which comprehensive information about the consumption of thermal energy appears on the screen of the device. The equipment is quite accurate, its error is in the range from 3 to 6%.

Varieties of devices

Before installing an apartment heat meter, you need to find out what they are.

These devices are divided into groups according to the principle of operation into the following types:

The principle of operation of electromagnetic heat meters is the phenomenon during which an electromagnetic field affects a heat carrier, resulting in an alternating current. If we dig deeper, we can say that as a result, magnetic induction is formed, connecting the indicators of the average speed and flow rate of the heat carrier in the volume with the magnitude of the electric field voltage and the potential difference. Induction is formed on the electrodes.

Electromagnetic heat meter

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As a result, we can say that the amount of consumed thermal energy is measured by measuring small amounts of electric current. That is why such equipment requires correct installation in order to exclude the possibility of errors.

If you need the most common and inexpensive counter, then it is better to choose a mechanical model. The principle of operation of this equipment is quite simple: the heat carrier flow imparts rotational movements to the measuring ring inside the heat meter. This is how the amount of thermal energy in mechanical devices is measured. Most devices of this type are equipped with a mechanical water meter and an energy meter. The main advantage of this equipment is the relatively low cost. It is also possible to increase the service life of this product by installing special filter components.

The most expensive at the moment are ultrasonic heat meters. The consumption of thermal energy in this case is measured taking into account the length of time during which the ultrasonic waves sent by the emitter of these waves reach a special sensor. Calculations directly depend on the circulation speed of the heat carrier in the heating main.

During the installation of this computing equipment, it is very important to maintain the level. That is, the main thing is that the signaling device, as well as the sensor, are on the same line. The speed of passage of ultrasonic waves from the emitter to the receiving sensor depends on the amount of liquid in the heating system. So, ultrasound travels a given distance in a certain time, after which this time is analyzed by special devices and the processed information about the coolant flow rate, its temperature, and so on is displayed on the screen.

Now let's talk about the last type of heat meters. Vortex-type devices work according to the following principle - they take into account vortices that form in the middle of obstacles that are located in the path of the coolant flow. This equipment consists of the following components:

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a permanent magnet mounted on the outer surface of the pipe;
triangular prism, which is mounted to the highway in a vertical position;
the electrode, which is placed near the prism, this device measures the data.

The device of the vortex heat meter

The heat carrier flows around a triangular prism, as a result of which a change in pressure inside the pipe is observed. It is these differences that allow the device to measure the volume of liquid. The more powerful the flow inside the highway moves, the more the above vortices appear per unit of time. The main advantage of this type of measuring technique is the fact that the meter data cannot be distorted by the presence of various contaminants and impurities in the lines.

After you have decided on the model of the heat meter and purchased it, you can begin installation work.

Selecting an installation method

There are currently two ways to install this measuring equipment. The first one is the simplest. You just need to contact a specialized company, which will send qualified workers to you as soon as possible to install this measuring equipment. Very often, such organizations provide a guarantee of the work performed. You only need to purchase all the necessary consumables and additional elements and pay for the services of the masters.

Heat meter installation scheme

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Another method is more complicated, but using it, you can save a lot. You can install the counter yourself.

Self installation

Before you install a heat meter in a private house, it is better to prepare all the necessary elements and tools. So, you will need:

the heat meter itself;
connecting elements for contact with the check valve;
filter elements;
welding machine, if we are talking about plastic lines;
wrench if metal pipes are used;
collets;
special fittings with thermal sensors;
heat transfer paste.

First of all, it is necessary to flush the heating lines, where the measuring equipment will be installed. After this procedure, you can proceed with the installation of the flow elements of the heat meter. When performing this operation, you must adhere to the following rules:

Installing a heat meter in a ball valve

Installation of this equipment should be carried out only in strictly horizontal or vertical fragments of the highway.
The liquid crystal valve must be mounted so that the calculator is at the top.
The flow element of the heat meter must be filled with water at all times.
The installation of the inlet must be carried out using a set of threaded connectors. These elements are completed with any model of this measuring equipment.
This part must be located in such a way that the direction indicator coincides with the direction of fluid flow.

By clicking on the link http://vse-postroim-sami.ru/equipment/power-tools/2502_kak-vybrat-nasos-dlya-otopleniya/, you will learn how to choose a pump for heating. Read more about how to install water meters here. You may also be interested in the process of installing underfloor heating under the screed.

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All contacts should be as tight as possible. This condition must be met so that all elements can withstand pressure up to 1.6 MPa. Only in this case it is possible to completely eliminate the possibility of leakage.

It is necessary to use adapters if the diameter of the flow element of the heat meter exceeds or vice versa the diameter of the line.

Now it remains only to install the measuring cartridge and transducers. It is very important to inspect the heating main for pressure before starting this work. Be sure to make sure that the shut-off valve is closed. After that, the measuring device and the flow element should be inspected. If these items are in order, you can continue with the installation.

Installing a heat meter

At this stage, thermal converters should be mounted. They must be mounted on both the supply and return lines. In order not to confuse, it is better to pay special attention to the designations on these elements. The supply line is marked in red, and the return line in blue or black. They are installed in a special niche, which is located on the measuring product.

The first step is to roll up the cork that blocks access to the niche, then arm yourself with the tool that each measuring equipment is equipped with and mount the rubber seal. The thermal converter itself must be located in a special plastic element consisting of two fragments. At this stage, it is very important to ensure that all the gutters match each other. After that, you need to mount the resulting structure in the niche of the measuring cartridge and tighten it tightly with a wrench.

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The second thermal converter must be placed in the sleeve, which must then be screwed into the tee, which is fixed on the heating main. Before installation work, the sleeve should be treated with a thermally conductive compound. The contact areas must be insulated with a special material that does not conduct heat. The last step will be sealing the heat meter. As you can see for yourself, the heat meter installation scheme is quite simple, so if you are confident in your abilities, then it is better not to waste money.

Summing up

In short, the process of installing a heat meter can be described in 5 stages:

Registration of permits for the installation of this measuring equipment.

Selection and acquisition of a heat meter.
Order or self-create an installation scheme.
Direct installation.
Sealing of the installed product and obtaining an acceptance certificate.

After that, you will pay your heating bills by seeing these readings. With this device, you can save a significant amount, but the benefits will not be immediately noticeable.

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How to install a heat meter

A heat meter is a device/set of devices used to determine the amount of heat, as well as the mass and other parameters of the coolant. Accounting for this coolant and the thermal energy that is spent is made both at the heat source and at a specific consumer (for example, in public or industrial buildings or in residential buildings). A CHP, RTS (district thermal station or boiler house) acts as a heat source.

General house heat meter: how to install it correctly?

People who live in multi-storey residential buildings can solve the issue of heat metering by installing a meter. In this article we will tell you how to properly install a heat meter in a house or apartment.

Such a device makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of paying for heating due to the fact that after its installation it will not be necessary to pay for the heat that was not actually supplied to their house. The price of a heating meter for an apartment building is quite high (bran and higher), however, if you divide this amount by the total number of apartments in the building, it turns out not at all so expensive. At the same time, each of the residents will feel the savings almost immediately after installing a common house meter. After all, now the amount for heat will be charged in fact, and not according to established standards. Further, this amount will be distributed among the tenants in accordance with the areas of their apartments. At the same time, if for some period of the heating season heat was not supplied to the house, you will no longer have to pay, as before, on average. It should be noted that if during the summer period it is not necessary to pay for heating, then during the heating season the amount will be higher than before. This point must be agreed with all residents of the house. In addition, at the general meeting of tenants, a representative should be delegated who will take readings from the meter and issue apartment receipts for payment.

Before installing a heat energy meter in an apartment building, you should:

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Hold a meeting of tenants-owners of apartments;
Record the decisions taken at the meeting in a special protocol;
Contact the management company with a written application regarding the installation of a heat meter in an apartment building.

After that, you can count on the installation of a metering device, which will make it possible to pay exclusively for the supplied heat. However, a small part will be added to the calculated amount for heating common areas (for example, entrances).

How to install a heat meter in an apartment?

Regarding the common house meter, we can say that its indisputable advantage is its low cost. However, the expected economic effect of its installation will not be so tangible. This is due to the fact that the entrance may turn out to be poorly insulated, and a lot of energy will be spent on heating it, the payment for which will fall on the shoulders of the residents.

In houses with vertical piping

In old apartment buildings, as a rule, vertical wiring of heating pipes. In this case, it will be necessary to install a separate metering device for each of the risers in the apartment, which makes this procedure extremely costly.

In such a situation, a good solution would be to install special metering devices on the batteries, however, in our country (unlike Europe), such heat meters are not used.

Modern manufacturers of metering devices offer users who have apartments in houses with vertical wiring such distributors, where the measurement of the coolant flow is based on the difference in the temperature of the air in the room and the surface of the battery. But still, the best option for houses with vertical distribution of heating pipes is a common house heat meter.

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In houses with horizontal piping

If the piping in an apartment building is horizontal, then residents have the opportunity to install any type of heat meter. For example: a compact model can be installed either on a pipe supplying coolant to a room, or on a return pipeline.

Features of installing a heat meter

It is important to know that activities for the installation and connection of the meter can only be carried out by organizations that have a special permit for this type of work. Qualified specialists of such a company carry out all the work in several stages, namely:

Carry out a connection project;
Carry out project approval;
Carry out the installation of the metering device;
Register installed equipment;
The device is handed over and transferred to the supervision of the organization.

Heat meter readings

Meter readings for heat are carried out in the same way as for electricity. After taking the readings, you should fill out a receipt, which indicates the difference for the period, multiplying it by the tariff that is currently in effect in the relevant region. Payment by receipt is carried out taking into account the requirements established by a particular management company.

Installing heat meters: a few practical tips

The vast majority of users claim that the profitability of installing a heat meter in an apartment is very high, and such a device will pay off very quickly.
Heating costs can be further reduced by installing devices (thermostats) that control the flow of hot water.
Now it is possible to install such modern heat meters that can not only store monthly information on heat consumption for 5-10 years, but also connect to a computer and even read current readings via the Internet.
If an apartment building has a vertical pipe layout (near each of the windows there is a radiator and for each of them there is a separate vertical riser), then it is not rational to install individual meters in the apartments of this house. This is explained by the fact that it will be necessary to install several heat meters in each of the apartments, which is not only expensive, but also creates additional hydraulic resistance in the pipeline, which can adversely affect the overall heating regime of the entire apartment building.

In conclusion, it should be noted that a heat energy meter is a very useful device that is guaranteed to help apartment owners save a lot on heating bills. It follows from this that those who do not have the desire to pay for heat losses during heat supply or very cold batteries in the apartment should install a heating meter. The information provided in this article clearly demonstrates to users that doing this is not so difficult.

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How to install a heat meter, project and installation.

To install heat meters, it is mandatory to draw up a project for a heat metering unit. The design organizations that are members of the SRO of designers (Self-Regulatory Organizations) have the exclusive right to develop projects of this type. It is obligatory, prior to the development of the project, to obtain the "Technical conditions for the installation of a metering unit for heat energy and heat carrier" in the energy supply organization. After development, the project is coordinated with the metrology department of the energy supplying organization and approved by its head.

Installation of the heat meter is carried out by employees of the relevant organization only if there is a project and, of course, permission (membership in the SRO) for this type of activity, as well as if there are specialists certified in the prescribed manner from this enterprise (training and testing knowledge in technical supervision bodies).

Installation work at the facility is carried out in the presence of a person who has a certificate for the right to carry out technical supervision for this type of work. It should not be confused with the Technical Supervision Bodies - they accept heat metering units only at heat sources and newly built facilities. It is not bad if the installation organization has its own specialist, if not, it must be hired or a representative of the heat supply organization should be called for the duration of the work.

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Calling a representative of a heat supply organization can be both paid and free. Depends on the heating company. As a rule, if it is free, you will have to adjust to its opening hours, provide transportation, etc.

Commissioning of the heat meter: the rules for commissioning the heat supply facility (pressure testing, hydraulic tests, etc.) after overhaul or reconstruction are general, we will not consider here, we will only touch on the acceptance of the heat meter into operation.

Installation verification steps:

Checking the correct installation of the mechanical part of the measuring complex. Particular attention should be paid to the alignment and installation of flow meters in terms of level, quality of manufacture of welded transitions;
Checking the correct installation of electronic correctors, the presence of grounding and grounding, compliance with the brand and diameter of the connecting wires to the project;
Checking the presence of oil, its quality, in protective sleeves (if any);
Checking the operation of the measuring complex in its various modes;
Drawing up an act of acceptance from installation or an act of readiness of the measuring complex for operation.

Technique of processing of indications of measuring complexes of heat.

The heat measuring complex can perform the following functions: - input and change of initial conditions and data (setting procedure);

periodic interrogation and calculation of all coolant parameters;
calculation of the flow rate, volume, temperatures and pressure of the coolant and the calculation on their basis of the consumed amount of thermal energy;
display on the display of information about the current values of the measured and

calculated parameters (flow rate, volume, pressure, temperature, etc.);

display on call of the current values of the sensor readings, as well as the consumed amount of thermal energy and the values of all entered and calculated parameters;

remote transmission using an additional modem through a standard interface of all calculated, entered and stored in the memory of the corrector on request or according to a given program;

determination of external unauthorized influence in order to influence the volume calculation process and provision of reports on emergency situations, accidents, unauthorized interventions;

hourly archiving of the main parameters for 12 months;

diagnostics of operability of functional blocks;

displaying the values of measured parameters with time and date;

displaying the daily consumption of thermal energy and its parameters for the current and past month;

displaying the serial numbers of the components of the complex.

The above functionality of the measuring complex makes it possible to obtain the necessary information without additional processing.

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The method of commissioning at the heat metering unit:

Due to the fact that the heat meter consists of measuring instruments (components) registered in the State Register: a calculator for the amount of heat, volume meters (flow converters), overpressure converters, resistance temperature converters and their sets, as a rule, from different manufacturers, it is necessary:

to coordinate the metrological characteristics of the converters with the calculator for the amount of thermal energy.
enter into the memory of each component of the heat meter the settings that determine the functioning of the heat meter.
adjust the heat meter, which consists in setting up the calculator for the configuration of the heat supply system (the measurement scheme defined by the project), the converters used, etc., and, if necessary, setting the converters. At the same time, it is necessary to create a database table for setting the calculator, which must be agreed with the supplier of the coolant and thermal energy.
to check the correctness of installation in accordance with the requirements of the instructions of the manufacturers.
check the correctness of marking, connection and phasing of electrical wiring.
check the operation of the heat meter under operating conditions in the presence of a coolant flow.
check the readings of the heat meter for temperature, pressure and flow (volume) in those pipelines where the corresponding converters are installed.
adjust the flow rate of the coolant in heating and hot water supply systems using limiting or control devices in accordance with the project and technical specifications of the energy supply organization.
install (program) the actual pressure values at the installation site of the UUTE, if necessary, adjust the temperature and flow conversion coefficients.
conduct a comprehensive testing of the accounting system within 24 hours, after this time interval, perform an hourly control of the values in the archive memory for compliance of the controlled parameters with the expected ones. The monitored parameters must lie within the measurement ranges of the transducers and there should be no codes for diagnosable situations.
after 72 hours after the start of the heat meter to the account, perform a daily control of the parameters in the archive memory. On the basis of archival data (printout of a report on the daily parameters of heat supply), control the metrological characteristics and calculate the errors in the operation of the heat meter. The readings of the calculator on all measurement channels are subject to control.
The heat meter is considered to have passed the test with positive results if the values of the controlled parameters lie within the measurement ranges of the converters and there are no codes for diagnosable situations.

Methodology for the acceptance of a heat metering unit into operation.

to provide protection against unauthorized intervention in the operation of the heat meter and its components by standard means supplied with metering devices (jumpers, seals).
to process the test results, draw up a summary sheet of the work done, graphs, diagrams.
Transfer printouts of hourly reports for 24 hours, and daily reports for three days, as well as a printout of a programmable database, to transfer to an energy supply organization to recognize the metering unit as commercial.
If the results of the comprehensive check are positive (the readings of all measured values have reliable and expected values), then with the knowledge of the power supply organization and in its presence, the operation of resetting the calculator archives is performed. The components of the heat meter are sealed in accordance with the requirements of the operational documentation.

The technical report on the work done is submitted to the Customer for approval.

After the metering unit is recognized as commercial, data on the heat meter is entered into the contract for the supply of heat energy. After the conclusion of the contract or its adjustment, the calculation for the consumption of heat energy is made according to the readings of the heat meter.

All heat meters must be checked periodically. If at least one of the components of the heat meter has expired state verification or has not passed state verification, the heat meter cannot be considered commercial. The frequency of verification of heat meters is generally 4 years. Verification of heat meters is carried out by duly accredited laboratories, in the common people "Prolivnye" and is certified by state control bodies in the field of metrology - CSM.

Paramonov Yu.O. Rostov-on-Don. Exclusively for Energostrom LLC

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Some time ago, utilities were quite affordable, but now they can hit the family budget hard. Well, if there are finances for other necessary needs. In such cases, you have to save money, and in some situations, install heat meters for heating, since most of the money is spent on this type of utility services.

But how much can you save on such heat meters? What are the varieties and is it possible to carry out independent installation or is it better to entrust this work to experienced professionals? Let's try to understand these and some other questions.

Necessary measure

The increased cost of heating is forcing many apartment owners to install heat meters. And if earlier they were put by a few consumers for lack of need, now there are more people who want to save money. In addition, no one can guarantee that after some time the cost of heating will not increase again. Every year it only grows. Thus, it becomes clear that this is a necessary measure.

The installation of such devices as heat meters for heating is also relevant for the simple reason that utilities form tariffs according to approved standards, and not on the fact of use. With the counter, the monthly payment will be calculated according to the current tariffs according to its indications.

Benefits of installing heat meters

In addition to the fact that the heat meter allows you to make payments in accordance with the readings taken, it also has some other advantages. Typical advantages include the following:

Individual systems allow you to adjust the supplied coolant. This can be done manually, but if an electronic system is available, it will do this automatically.
It is possible to control the heat in a house or apartment. This is especially true in the spring season, when the heating is in full swing, and the weather is already warm outside.
Using these devices, you can detect existing problems with the heating main (clogging and other problems). This leads to increased heat consumption, which will immediately be reflected in the meter readings.

It is worth considering that the installed heat meters for heating in an apartment building do not make it possible to save on the coolant. Their main purpose is to save money. That is, to pay exactly for the amount of heat that is consumed. The size of this savings can range from 25 to 50%.

Device types

If there is a desire to install heat meters, it does not hurt to find out what varieties of them exist. But first it is worth clarifying that almost any device consists of several components:

sensors;
devices for flow, pressure and resistance;
devices that calculate the amount of heat received.

The composition for each specific set is determined and approved on an individual basis.

The rest of the counters are divided into the following types:

Electromagnetic.
Mechanical (tachometric).
Ultrasonic.
Vortex.

In addition, based on the scope, meters can be house (industrial) and apartment. Let's take a closer look at them to understand how they work.

Electromagnetic heat metering

The principle of operation of a heat meter for heating an apartment building is based on a phenomenon called electromagnetic induction. The design of the device includes several magnets that create a field of the same name, and a liquid coolant enters it. As is known from school, water is a dielectric only in its pure form, which practically does not happen in nature. A liquid flows in the heating pipes, which contains some elements from the periodic system. So, this is already a conductor.

When the coolant passes through the magnetic field, an electric current is formed. Moreover, its value is proportional to the fluid flow rate. The resulting current through the wires enters the computing device. And since the water flow is determined by him by measuring the difference in current values \u200b\u200b(they are usually small), such devices need to be installed correctly.

But in addition to proper installation, it is important for them to have special operating conditions. The readings will turn out to be inaccurate if the heat meters for heating in an apartment building are poorly connected or additional resistance will occur at the junction of the wires. The content of iron inclusions in the coolant also affects the readings.

Despite these disadvantages, there are still advantages. First of all, such devices do not affect the flow pressure in the heating system in any way. And the measurement accuracy is quite high, making the devices very popular.

Mechanical (tachometric) heat metering

The simplest devices are mechanical ones, which outperform their competitors in price. Their principle of operation is easy to understand: a rotating element (an impeller or a small turbine) acts as a meter.

It is set in motion by the flow of the coolant, due to which the water consumption is accounted for. Most mechanical meters are equipped with two flow meters (on the inlet and outlet channels), resistance thermometers and a heat calculator. If necessary, the devices are equipped with pressure sensors.

Unfortunately, these heat meters for heating in an apartment are not without some drawbacks. First, you need to install a filter in front of the device without fail. Secondly, significant hydraulic losses occur in comparison with other analogues. Thirdly, mechanical meters are most sensitive to the quality of the coolant. That is, if the water is hard, then it is not recommended to use these devices. Otherwise, particles of scale, rust or scale will quickly clog the filter or completely disable the device.

Ultrasonic heat metering

Ultrasonic analogues are distinguished by high cost and original principle of operation. It is based on measuring the speed of ultrasonic wave propagation through the water column depending on the coolant flow rate. That is, the flow rate is determined by the time it takes the signal to travel from the transmitter to the receiver. In such devices, it is important that these two devices are located strictly opposite each other.

Despite the high cost, such heat meters for heating in an apartment are in considerable demand. And all due to characteristic advantages - pressure losses in the heating system are practically not observed or they are negligible, since there is no resistance to the movement of water flow. They have high measurement accuracy, which is important.

Some of the downsides include:

sensitivity to the quality of the coolant;
the need for relatively long pipeline sections.

The presence of dirt and scale can greatly affect the final reading of the meter. As practice shows, such metering devices are relevant at facilities with a large diameter pipeline (boiler rooms, for example).

Vortex heat metering

Vortex heat meters have a special structure. There is a prism across the flowmeter pipe, which is an obstacle in the way of the coolant fluid. In this case, vortices are formed, the number of which directly depends on the speed of the water flow. The number of vortices is recorded by sensors located slightly further than the prism. And the faster the flow, the more vortices are formed. This is the basis of the principle of operation of a heat meter for heating of this type.

The disadvantages of these devices are the presence of a prism and the requirement for water quality. Moreover, due to the triangular obstacle, there is a pressure loss in the heat supply system. Probably for this reason, such counters are less common than others.

Apartment metering devices

Such meters have a small channel diameter, which does not exceed 20 mm. The measurement range is from 0.6 to 2.5 m 3 /h, the accuracy of the readings is very high. They can be installed in apartments or houses with individual heating. The device of any device includes a heat meter and a hot water meter, which complement each other.

The measurement is made based on the flow rate of the coolant, as well as on the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet heating pipes. This is done as follows: a heat meter is installed on the water meter, from which two wires with temperature sensors are removed. One of the sensors is installed on the inlet pipe, and the other - on the outlet. As a result, the device, collecting the necessary information, using special calculations, accurately determines the amount of heat consumed.

Household metering devices

House heat meters for heating are usually installed at industrial facilities or residential buildings with a central heating system. In their structure, they are similar to apartment heat meters. The calculation of the coolant consumption is carried out according to a similar scheme, only not for a separate apartment, but for the whole house or a specific entrance.

Such meters, unlike apartment meters, have a larger channel diameter (about 300 mm), and, accordingly, they are larger in size. But this is where the differences end, in everything else they are similar, including such a parameter as the measurement range.

Installing home appliances has some advantages. Of course, the cost of such a meter is an order of magnitude higher than an individual one, but in this case, the costs are divided between the residents of the whole house or entrance, which implies a benefit for everyone. The readings of the device will also be calculated depending on the number of residents.

The decision to install house heat meters for heating is usually taken at a meeting at which a person is selected responsible for the purchase of the meter and its installation. He is also responsible for collecting the monthly payment and transferring it to the utility service.

Mounting Features

The direct installation process is not so complicated, and you can do it yourself. But first you need to draw up some documents so that everything is legal. First of all, you need to contact the company servicing the house for permission to install a heat meter. In addition to the application itself, a number of papers are needed:

housing documents;
registration certificate of the apartment;
consent of other tenants (sometimes it is not required).

Next, you need to get TU (technical specifications) from the organization that supplies heat to the building. The document reflects the requirements necessary to connect the meter. It should also indicate the parameters of the coolant (temperature, pressure). This will help you decide which device to use.

You should purchase a heat meter for apartment heating from a trusted company, which, upon request, can present a quality certificate. When making a purchase, do not forget about the sales receipt and cash receipt.

In the future, it will be necessary to develop an individual project and prepare technical documentation. To resolve this issue, it is worth attracting a responsible company. For reliability, you should ask its owner if the appropriate license is available. After preparing the project, you need to coordinate the entire package of documents with the company supplying the house with heat. After that, you can install the device by the same organization that compiled the project, or contact another. She must also be licensed for this type of work.

After installation, a new contract with the heat supply service should be drawn up in connection with the new tariff. It is also necessary that an employee of the management company (ZHEK or HOA) seal the heat meter and sign the instrument acceptance certificate.

You can save time and contact one organization for the preparation of the necessary package of documents that is engaged in such activities. However, this will require significant financial costs, and if there is time, it is better to prepare all the documents yourself.

Self installation

Installation of heat meters for heating in an apartment building consists of several sequential operations. First you need to flush the pipeline well to remove all blockages. And only after that you can proceed to the installation of the flow part of the device. The device is mounted on a horizontal or vertical section of the pipe. If the diameter of the pipe does not match the dimensions of the channel of the device, adapters should be used.

The supply device must be positioned so that the direction of the arrow coincides with the direction of fluid flow. Connections must be tight to withstand a pressure of 1.6 MPa to avoid leakage. To do this, use only new gaskets and seals.

When installing the measuring unit, make sure that there is no water and pressure in the heating system, and the shut-off valves must be closed. It is worth taking care of installing ball valves before and after the meter. With this element of the device, which is placed in the flow part, you should be careful.

In conclusion, it remains to install both thermal converters. One of them is mounted in the measuring cartridge, and the other - in the sleeve using heat-conducting paste. The installation of heat meters for heating is completed by sealing the device and issuing an acceptance certificate.

Now you can pay for heat according to the indications of the installed metering device. Finally, it is worth saying that it is more rational to entrust the installation to qualified specialists in order to avoid all sorts of unpleasant nuances.

Heat / Heat meters and accounting

Everyone who paid monthly rent noticed that over time, the payment becomes more and more. The Public Chamber cites the following figures: in the cost structure of one family, payment for housing and communal services 10 years ago was 3% of total income, now it is an average of 11% to 20%.

Undoubtedly, this is a very high threshold for the poor Russian population. And it will become even higher with the start of the new heating season of 2012-2013, after another, this time twofold, increase in utility tariffs. Especially when you consider that payments for heat will no longer be distributed throughout the year.

Under the current conditions, the question “What to do?” will certainly arise. We will try to analyze the situation and find ways to solve the problem.

Installing a heat meter: is it worth thinking about it at all?

According to FinExpertiza, in 2007-2011, the accumulated inflation rate was 63%, while utility tariffs increased by 117%. Those. the increase in rent payments is 1.8 times ahead of inflation. The level of income growth of the population, according to the same study, it exceeds by 1.9 times.

Moreover, this average picture hides dozens of regions where utility tariffs were more than twice as high as inflation. Thus, in Moscow, prices for housing and communal services increased by 141%, which exceeded inflation by 2.2 times, and the growth in household income by 3.5 times. In the Leningrad region, the growth of utility tariffs outpaced the rise in prices by 2.2 times, and the growth in incomes of the population - by 2.4 times. And so it is in almost all regions of the country.

Since September 1, 2012 in Moscow, for the second time this year, the tariffs for utilities - heat and water - have increased. The maximum increase is 6%, the same tariffs were added in July. That is, in total, in 2012, tariffs increased by 12%. Other regions are next.

In the near future, Russians are waiting for another test: an experiment on the introduction of so-called "social norms" for the consumption of utilities, which will start in 2013 in 15 regions of the country. Those who consume electricity, water and heat more than the established norm will be forced to pay a double rate.

But given the current deplorable state of communal systems and housing stock, with the extremely low level of its energy efficiency that exists today, according to the Deputy Minister of Regional Development of the Russian Federation Vladimir Kogan, 70% of Russians fall into this category.

Heat meter installation: problems

The constant increase in tariffs and the introduction of "social norms" for the consumption of utilities lead to the need to save. However, if the mechanism of this saving for water and electricity is known and worked out over the years even of the Soviet past, then with heat, in the current state of heat supply systems, this is difficult.

Historically, it so happened that the operation of heating systems in our country has always been centrally controlled. This means that the supply of hot water to heating networks and its temperature are regulated somewhere at heat sources (in CHPPs, boiler houses, central heating stations).

At the same time, “average for the hospital” indicators are taken into account, that is, the task is to heat the largest and most distant buildings from the source, while for other houses the heating regime may turn out to be excessive.

Intra-house heating systems are built exactly according to the same principle: the mode of heat distribution throughout the house is static and cannot be changed. It is these features that determine the so-called consumption standards, in accordance with which payments for heat are calculated.

The real needs of specific people for heat are not taken into account in any way in this scheme. This means that from the point of view of consumers (homeowners, housing associations, housing cooperatives, etc.), there is a problem of temperature discomfort in residential premises. In the past, it could only be solved by frequent ventilation, which leads to useless heat losses and increased heating bills.

Installing a heat meter: technology and sequence of steps

To eliminate heat losses and create a favorable microclimate in apartments, it is advisable to modernize the heating system. “If financial opportunities are limited, it is not necessary to do everything at once. Reconstruction can be divided into several stages, but it is important to remember that in order to obtain the greatest economic effect and the fastest payback, it must be brought to its logical conclusion.

The main stages are the installation of an automated heating unit, balancing the heating system along the risers, as well as equipping heating devices with automatic radiator thermostats. The last “chord” is the transition to apartment heat metering,” recommends Anton Belov, Deputy Director of the Thermal Department at Danfoss, a manufacturer of energy-saving equipment for heating systems. As experience shows, such a reconstruction pays off in an average of 2-4 years.

So, the modernization of the heating system includes:

introduction of controlled heat consumption technologies;
transition to apartment heat metering.

Installation of heat meters and introduction of controlled heat consumption

The concept of controlled heat consumption assumes that residents independently determine their need for heat: each heater is equipped with an automatic radiator thermostat, with which you can set the most comfortable individual heating mode for a particular room.

By changing the settings of the thermostats, the inhabitants of the house change the mode of operation of the heating system. This principle is currently applied in the construction of new residential areas.

The thermal unit of a modern house is an automated complex of energy-saving equipment that controls and adjusts the heat supply to the building (automated individual heating point). At the same time, the adjustment of the heat supply mode of the house is carried out both depending on changes in weather conditions (weather compensation) and depending on changes in domestic consumption, i.e. the heating unit automatically reduces the heat supply if the inhabitants reduce its consumption with the help of thermostats.

In order for the heat to be distributed evenly throughout the house and to exclude situations where overheating is observed in the near risers, and at the same time the heat supply is insufficient in the distant risers, an automatic balancing valve is installed on each of them.

Accordingly, at all levels of the district heating system, there is a constant optimization of the coolant consumption - it is released exactly as much as the city, district, house or its individual resident needs at a given time. This means that as a result, you have to pay less for heat, since it is not supplied in excess.

Installation of heat meters and apartment accounting

The regulated consumption scheme will be brought to its logical conclusion at the moment when individual heat meters appear in each apartment. Then each person will be able to feel the fruits of his personal heat savings, and not the "average for the hospital", as is the case today.

True, there are still some difficulties that need to be dealt with. Consider an example: you use automatic radiator thermostats in your apartment, which means you can control your heat consumption. However, you cannot control your heating costs: as much as indicated on the bill, you have to pay so much. And this situation causes obvious bewilderment, especially if you paid for the installation of thermostats out of your own pocket: it turns out that you are deprived of the opportunity to recoup your personal investments in energy saving.

When distributing payments according to the scheme adopted today, i.e. in proportion to the area of occupied apartments, it turns out that your personal savings will be “smeared” among all the residents of the house, and in return you will receive a part of someone's inflated consumption. That is, you give your savings to a common pool, from which those who do not want to save also benefit.

This example proves that it is necessary not only to regulate the consumed heat, but also to count it. However, everything is not so simple here either. Individual apartment heat meters can only be installed in houses with a horizontal floor-by-floor heating system, when each apartment has a single heat input from a common riser in the hall.

All heating devices in the apartment are connected to this input, and a heat meter is also installed on it. However, in our country, such houses began to be built relatively recently, and even then they are mainly elite housing.

Factors limiting the installation of heat meters in each apartment

Most typical Russian houses use a vertical riser heating system. Everyone knows how it works: the risers leading to the heating appliances pass right through the rooms. This excludes the possibility of installing one common heat meter for the entire apartment, i.е. they are supposed to be mounted on each radiator. But this is not possible for a number of reasons:

High price. Installing several heat meters in an apartment is too expensive (each device costs about 8-12 thousand rubles);

The fundamental impossibility of accurate measurements. The measurement accuracy of individual heat meters is not sufficient for measuring on a single radiator: the temperature difference at its inlet and outlet is sometimes too small for the device to record it at all.

Difficulties in taking readings. The limited access of public utilities to the personal apartments of residents makes it difficult to go through all the rooms in each apartment on a monthly basis to take readings from all meters.

Service difficulty. Maintaining metering devices and monitoring the correct operation of them will also not be easy.

Heat metering using distributed temperature sensors

To solve the problem, Danfoss engineers have developed an alternative heat metering technology that can be used in homes with any distribution of the heating system. “On the surface of each heating device, without cutting into the pipe, an electronic distributor is attached with a temperature sensor that measures the surface temperature of the radiator,” explains Anton Belov. - If you equip all the heating devices in the house with such devices, then, knowing the power of these devices, by the dynamics of changes in their surface temperature during the month, you can calculate the share of each radiator in the total heat consumption of the house for the month. It remains to take the value of this consumption, which is given to us by the general house heat meter in the basement, and divide it among all radiators in accordance with their shares.

For such a system to function, it is necessary to install distributors for heating devices in at least half of the apartments in the house, and in order to minimize errors, they must be installed in 75% of the apartments. That is, those owners who do not want to pay for heating by the meter can pay according to the old scheme. It is also easy to isolate the cost of heating common areas from the total volume: in accordance with Russian standards for the design of residential buildings, they account for approximately 35% of total consumption.

It is also convenient that data is collected from the recorders automatically over the radio channel, and then the data is transmitted via the Internet directly to a computer in the EIRC.

In December 2010, the system was certified in the Russian GOST R system and entered into the Register of Measuring Instruments. The cost of the INDIV-AMR system in terms of one apartment is approximately equal to the cost of one "classic" individual heat meter (8-12 thousand rubles). Thus, the use of distribution meters of the INDIV-AMR system is beneficial both in terms of price and ease of use.

The effect of installing heat meters - distributors

The tests carried out have shown that it is possible today to implement a scheme for apartment heat metering in any house, without any restrictions. Including in houses with horizontal wiring, as it often turns out to be easier from a technical point of view. Naturally, in addition to all the above measures, the house must be well insulated, but insulation alone is not enough to save money, because. there is no automatic reduction in heat consumption.

On the contrary, insulation without automation of the heating system will only increase thermal discomfort, because. the supply of heat to the premises will not be reduced, and its leakage will decrease. As a result, residents will be forced to ventilate their apartments more intensively to get rid of excess heat, and as a result, the picture will not change.

The effect of thermal insulation is achievable only in conjunction with the automation of the heating point and the modernization of the internal heating system. “In a normally insulated house, the installation of an automated heating unit will give approximately 15-25% heat savings, balancing the heating system along the risers - 5-10%, and equipping heaters with automatic radiator thermostats and switching to apartment heat metering - another 10-15% in addition to all this.

Thus, in total, it is possible to reduce heating costs by 30-50%, that is, almost twice. Look at your monthly rent bills, calculate this amount, multiply by the number of apartments in the house, then by 12 months - and you will get the result. Can you imagine how much more you can do with this money? - explains Anton Belov.

How to adjust the heat meter in an apartment building. Is it profitable to install an individual heat meter in an apartment and how to do it correctly. Electromagnetic heat metering

Why is a heat meter needed and how does it work in an apartment building?

Varieties of heat meters according to the principle of operation

electromagnetic

Mechanical

Ultrasonic: can measure and adjust

Vortex

Accounting for the required amount of heat in the apartment

Basic requirements for apartment appliances

System assessment and analysis must be completed before an installation date is given

Prices and benefits for owners of installed meters

Residential heat meter - principle of operation

Installation of an individual heat meter

The principle of operation of the heat meter for heating

How does a heating meter work and how does it happen

What affects the accuracy of the heat meter

How is heat consumption measured?

Reading data from the heat meter

Error logging

Archiving readings

The principle of operation of heat meters and existing modifications

How to start installing a heat meter

How a heat meter works, types and characteristics of these devices

A few words about the choice of the meter and the total cost of installation

Apartment tachometric meters from Polish manufacturers

News

Heat metering and heat energy saving

What are heat meters or heat meters?

How to regulate the heat meter?

What to do?

Types of heat meters for heating, and their installation

This is interesting (the use of heat meters)

Beneficial or not

Rules for the installation and operation of heat meters in an apartment

What is the legal basis

How often to take readings

Verification

Types of apartment meters for heating

How does a heat meter work

Varieties of devices

Selecting an installation method

Self installation

Summing up

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How to install a heat meter

General house heat meter: how to install it correctly?

How to install a heat meter in an apartment?

In houses with vertical piping

In houses with horizontal piping

Features of installing a heat meter

Heat meter readings

Installing heat meters: a few practical tips

How to install a heat meter, project and installation.

Installation verification steps:

Technique of processing of indications of measuring complexes of heat.

The method of commissioning at the heat metering unit:

Methodology for the acceptance of a heat metering unit into operation.

The technical report on the work done is submitted to the Customer for approval.

Necessary measure

Benefits of installing heat meters

Device types

Electromagnetic heat metering

Mechanical (tachometric) heat metering

Ultrasonic heat metering

Vortex heat metering

Apartment metering devices

Household metering devices

Mounting Features

Self installation

Installing a heat meter: is it worth thinking about it at all?

Heat meter installation: problems

Installing a heat meter: technology and sequence of steps

Installation of heat meters and introduction of controlled heat consumption

Installation of heat meters and apartment accounting

Factors limiting the installation of heat meters in each apartment

Heat metering using distributed temperature sensors

The effect of installing heat meters - distributors

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