Creative project "artistic painting on wood "Gorodets". How to stylishly and beautifully paint wooden surfaces Wood painting technology

The history of which dates back to the 2nd century BC. e., when people learned to make iron, and from it various knives, scrapers, saws and other cutting tools.

However, it was not enough to simply carve a product out of wood; a person wanted the result of his work to look beautiful. This is how ancient wood paintings appeared, primitive and far from artistic, but the birth of art took place. In those distant times, paints already existed; all that remained was to apply them properly.

Artistic painting on wood

The folk crafts that exist today for making household items are based on a variety of techniques. Wooden products are presented in several categories: first of all, dishes and kitchen utensils. The second list includes items that represent fine art. These are painted panels, interior decorations, and various household items. And finally, the third category is vintage-style wooden furniture, painted in a special antique way. Artistic painting on wood as such is used in all three cases. The value of the products is undoubted, since professionals work on them.

Varieties

Wood paintings come in several types and differ in their belonging to a particular region, as well as in style. The drawing can be plot or ornamental.

Types of painting on wood:

• Mezenskaya;
• Polkhovskaya;
• Khokhloma;
• Gorodets;
• Palekh;
• Severodvinskaya;
• Petrikovskaya

The main types of wood painting are listed. Each variety contains “branded” features that give the product additional attractiveness.

Mezen painting

Mezen painting (or as it is also called - palaschelskaya) is the painting of household items: ladles, boxes, spinning wheels, benches and kitchen tables. These artistic traditions appeared in the lower reaches of the Mezen River around 1815.

Mezen painting consists mainly of ornamented images of forest inhabitants: deer and elk, wolverines, foxes and bear cubs. All images are impersonal and bear the stamp of staticity. Friezes composed of repeatedly repeating figures painted in bright colors give the impression of festivity and defiant luxury, since the colorful stripes of ornaments do not fit in with the squalid furnishings of a Russian home. A primitive spinning wheel, painted in the Mezen style and sparkling with colors in a dark corner, only emphasized the desolation of the upper room.

Palekh

Palekh painting is a folk art craft that appeared in pre-Petrine times. At that time, the village of Palekh in the Ivanovo province was famous for its icon painters. This art reached its greatest flowering at the end of the 18th century. The Paleshans, in addition to painting icons, were involved in the restoration of cathedrals and churches, and took part in the design of the chapels of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the Novodevichy Convent.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the trade of Palekh painting flourished; the revolutionary storms of 1905 and 1917 almost destroyed the fine folk art. Since after the 17th year all the churches were abolished by ignorant representatives of the communist authorities, there was nothing to paint, and Poleshan artists created an artel producing artistic products made of wood.

Soon the first work in the palekh style was created in a Moscow workshop. On a wooden box covered with black varnish, Ivan Tsarevich, who emerged from the royal chambers into freedom, meets the Firebird. The whole picture was painted in gold and cinnabar - it was impossible to take your eyes off the drawing.

Currently, Palekh wood painting is a deeply traditional art, with the only difference being that natural wood has been replaced with papier-mâché. Now products with Palekh painting are not only beautiful, but also light.

Khokhloma

An ancient folk craft that developed in the villages of the Nizhny Novgorod province in the 17th century. The center became the village of Khokhloma, where Old Believers, persecuted for their faith, gathered. Among the settlers there were many icon painters who brought with them exquisite painting skills, calligraphic writing and many examples of floral designs.

Local residents living in Khokhloma and nearby villages knew wood turning techniques, but did not know how to draw. So it turned out that the wooden dishes, turned on site, were painted by visiting artists. This is how the art of Khokhloma painting appeared, which turned into one of the most famous artistic crafts in Russia.

Wood carvers not only turned dishes and plates, they soon learned to carve spoons and ladles, the classic “brothers”. Usually the ladle was made in the shape of a swan, and a dozen scoops were hung on the sides. The material was linden wood, which by its nature has no fibers and is easily cut in all directions.

Khokhloma painting consists of four primary colors: black, gold, red and green. Black and gold are used as the background, and red and green, together with their shades, make up the actual design. The theme for a drawing in the Khokhloma style is most often rowan berries, strawberries, various flowers and herbal plants. Sometimes the artist uses images of birds, fish and small animals.

Carving and drawing

Russian folk crafts (such as gorodets or khokhloma) are wood products covered with a pattern. First, cabinetmakers make blanks from selected wood, the so-called “linen,” and then artists cover them with a design. Wood carving and painting are inseparable in this case - they complement each other. The most common type of painted blank is the Russian nesting doll. For its production, the turning method of carving is used, when the product is turned, polished and then painted. This souvenir is known all over the world and has been in high demand for many years.

Is it possible to learn wood painting?

Folk arts and crafts belong to the fine arts and require certain preparation, but anyone who has patience and perseverance can master the basic principles of coloring products. There are special techniques called “Wood Painting for Beginners,” which include familiarization with the process and practical work. Initially, the classes are general in nature, and after acquiring skills, you can move on to a specific artistic style, for example, Gorodets. In any case, painting on wood is a fascinating creative process for beginners.

Coloring methods

Natural wood is a material that requires careful pre-processing. The surface for painting must be smooth, without peeling or cracks. The workpiece is first sanded with emery cloth and then coated with a special primer, which fills all microscopic cracks and evens out small irregularities. Larger defects can be eliminated using putty. After pre-treatment, the workpiece must be thoroughly dried.

Wooden folk art products are distinguished by bright, intense colors. The designs usually contrast with the background, black or bright red. For painting products, tempera or artistic gouache paints are used, which have good hiding power. The most lasting results are obtained by acrylic painting on wood, especially if the design is covered with transparent nitro varnish on top. Products after this treatment become resistant to abrasion and do not change their color.

Wood painting (photos of finished products are presented on the page) is a type of fine art that has its roots in the distant past, but lives and flourishes in the present.

Since ancient times, our ancestors painted various patterns on wooden surfaces. After all, painting on wood looks great both on rustic frames and on kitchen wooden utensils; it is also appropriate in the interior of residential premises.

Perhaps someone would like to try decorating their home with painted household items, but does not know where to start or what is needed for this. For this you need, besides brushes and paints, very little - most of the necessary things can be found at home.

We prepare everything for work

Before you start creating an artistic masterpiece, you need to prepare in advance everything that may be useful during the work process:

• blanks (any wooden item that you plan to make beautiful and unique);
• soft pencil;
• eraser;
• sandpaper of various grain sizes;
• paper sheets (for those who work from sketches);
• a set of brushes of various thicknesses;
• palette;
• templates (for those who cannot draw);
• paint;
• primer;
• transparent varnish (it is advisable to coat the finished pattern with varnish so that it is less damaged);
• container for liquids (for water or solvent, depending on the colorant).

The wood primer is selected according to the type of paint, but the choice of paint must be taken seriously.

Features of coloring materials

Most often, home craftsmen use the following types of paints when painting on wood:

• gouache;
• watercolor;
• acrylic;
• aniline;
• oil

Gouache

In another way, these dyes are also called poster dyes. They are a thick, opaque mass. They are easy to work with, but complex designs with many shades are impossible to create. To draw, gouache must meet the following requirements:

• easy to apply to the surface;
• After drying, do not wear off or crack.

In order for the pattern drawn with gouache to hold more firmly, to dilute the paint, use not water, but an aqueous solution of PVA glue in a 1:1 ratio. This allows you to do without preliminary priming.

Gouache drawings always turn out bright, colorful, and the dye is cheap. Gouache is suitable for those who are starting to master wood painting and create their first masterpieces.

Watercolor

Everyone is familiar with the simple watercolors that schoolchildren use to paint. Compared to gouache, they are more transparent and allow you to create a complex pattern with many shades. In order to get a beautiful drawing, watercolor must:

• lie flat on the surface of the workpiece, without stains or streaks;
• After drying, hold firmly.

The main advantage of watercolors is that if mistakes occur while drawing, the product can be washed, dried, primed and painted again.

Acrylic

Acrylic-based paints are among the best, and painting on wood with them is not only beautiful: acrylic dyes additionally protect and strengthen the material. Manufacturers of artistic paints offer a wide color palette for painting, but it is not profitable for beginners to use them.

Why? The fact is that acrylic compositions are quite expensive, so for beginning artists who have not yet fully mastered the technique of drawing, it will be expensive to use them. But those who have already achieved some experience can create their own masterpieces with them to decorate the interior.

Oily

The dye is diluted to a working consistency with the recommended solvent (White spirit, drying oil), after which you can paint. But oil paints have the following features:

• they give only bright shades (you can use them to paint an object like Khokhloma or make a stylish gold pattern on a black background);
• durable, once dry they cannot be removed.

Those who have at least a little experience in painting will enjoy working with oil paints, because they can be used to decorate the interior of living rooms inexpensively and for a long time.

Aniline

Aniline-based dyes are increasingly found in the interior of houses; they are used to paint wooden walls or small decorative objects, and in rural areas craftsmen decorate their homes with them. Aniline dyes have a number of positive qualities:

1. They are easy to draw with.
2. You can get many beautiful shades with them.
3. They are inexpensive.

Getting ready to paint

Before applying beautiful patterns, the base must be prepared. To do this you need to do the following:

• sand with sandpaper, gradually changing from coarser to finer, the base until smooth;
• coat the surface with a wood primer that matches the paint being used;
• wait for the primer to dry and apply a color base, painting the product with the desired color.

After the color base has dried, it is possible to apply a design using any technology.

How to make a drawing

Depending on the level of skill, painting on wood can be done using the following technologies:

• point;
• using a stencil;
• drawing from sketches.

Stencil method

Drawing using a template is the simplest: all you need to do is put the stencil on the surface, trace it with a soft pencil, and you can paint it. You can make a stencil yourself by copying any picture you like or asking a familiar artist to make a template.

Point method

The dot technique also helps to create beautiful things for those who do not have artistic skills. The point method consists of drawing a set of reference points on a sketch drawing and copying it as accurately as possible from the selected sketch onto the surface to be painted.

The dot drawing method requires some skills. But maybe it’s worth remembering how in childhood we connected numbers with lines and got some kind of silhouette? The dot method of painting is based precisely on this, and the more dots are transferred, the more accurate the match will be with the selected picture, which then will only have to be colored.

The point-by-point method of transferring a picture onto a base allows those who have almost no drawing skills to create artistic masterpieces. Simply copy one or more drawings using a soft pencil and color. You can do it as it was in the original, but it’s better to show your imagination and choose your own colors.

According to sketches

This technique involves free creativity when a sketch is drawn, and then transferred to a base and painted. Sketches can be both elements of a painting (for artists) and any geometric elements (for those who do not know how to draw professionally). Using sketches, you can come up with your own unique pattern for drawing, and it doesn’t matter what is used: geometric shapes, plant elements or free professional creativity.

Painting wooden objects is not difficult. By mastering one of the proposed techniques and choosing the right paint, you can create real masterpieces, making your home or apartment interior truly unique.

People learned to paint wooden products a long time ago. Even in Ancient Rus', they painted wooden boards, panels, trays, boxes, and spoons with various means. Many people today want to decorate such wooden objects on their own. First you need to know what paints to paint on wood, types of painting, preparation for work, methods of applying products. We will talk about this in our article.

Decorative painting on wood

Decorative painting on wood has its roots in ancient times. Even ancient people learned to make dishes from wood and thought about giving it a beautiful and original look. Nowadays, furniture, toys, and dishes are decorated with original designs. Not only adults, but also children do this. Therefore, many people want to know what paints to paint on wood, the features of these products and methods of applying them.

Painting as a decorative and applied art is passed down from generation to generation. Especially adults and children like to depict original patterns with folk motifs. Today it is very popular to paint various interior items: from paintings to panels. Drawings can be seen on toys, dishes, and musical instruments. It won't hurt you to have an idea of ​​what paints to use on wood. The use of oil paint is obvious, but gouache, acrylic, watercolor, and aniline are also used. We will talk about each of them in more detail.

Main types of painting

Many readers will be interested not only in what paints can be used to paint on wood, but also in what main types of painting there are. After all, sometimes even children try to design beautiful painted boards for cutting food. First, a drawing is selected, then transferred to the surface and gradually painted using one technique or another. For a harmonious look of the boards, it is also important to combine shades correctly.

It is worth highlighting the following three types of painting:

• Khokhloma. First, a black background is created, then fancy flowers in yellow and red tones are applied.
• Gorodets painting. The drawings depict various city scenes, flower arrangements, and motifs from folk epics.
• Mezen painting. Horses and ornaments are used for the main subjects.

To master at least one of these types, you need to know the application methods, what paints to use on wood and how to fix them.

Preparing for work

To apply beautiful patterns to wooden products, you cannot do without the following devices:

• The wooden object itself, on which the selected masterpiece will be applied.
• Palettes for mixing paints.
• Soft pencils and erasers.
• Sandpaper for surface treatment of the product.
• Rigid sheets of paper for sketching.
• Paint brushes of different sizes and degrees of hardness.
• Ready-made templates.
• A certain type of paint.
• Primer and clear varnish for fixing so that the design does not deteriorate from exposure to moisture.

First, sandpaper or sandpaper to bring the base to a smooth state. Then a primer suitable for a specific type of paint is applied to the wood. When the primer is dry, begin applying the base in the desired tone. As soon as it becomes dry, they begin to apply the design itself.

Working with oil paint

Experienced craftsmen or those who already more or less master the technique of applying products to wood use oil paints. They allow you to get beautiful bright patterns on dark tones. The oil tubes are filled with very vibrant shades. They take a long time to dry, but then they practically eat into the surface, after which they cannot be erased.

To dilute the oil product from the tube, use a solvent (white spirit or drying oil). It is oil paints that allow you to paint on a dark background under Khokhloma. To produce such paints, linseed, safflower or nut oil is used. It is this that gives the colors a rich tone. Artistic oil products tend to be stored for about three years.

Features of acrylic coating

Are you wondering what paints are best for painting on wood? It is most convenient to use acrylic products for folk art. After the acrylic dries, an insoluble film is formed, which allows you to avoid covering the product with varnish. Acrylic has excellent coverage. It is suitable not only for wood, but also for glass, leather, and metal.

Acrylic paint is good because it can be diluted with plain water. Today, stores sell a huge range of acrylic shades in tubes. The paint is absolutely non-toxic and is even suitable for temporary tattoos. Golden color is often used to transform furniture and picture frames. This emulsion can be glossy or matte and is characterized by rapid drying.

Aniline based dyes

Most often, wooden walls are painted with aniline paints. They flow very well, so they are suitable for creating abstract designs, original combinations and shade transitions. In the open sun, this paint fades very quickly, although it initially has a bright tone. To consolidate the result, it is better to coat the product with varnish. It is worth noting that nowadays aniline paints are rarely used for decorative woodwork; they are more often used to dye fabrics.

Using gouache

Regular household items are often painted with gouache paints. They are a bit like acrylic, just a little less intense. Their thick, opaque mass allows you to create complex designs with many tones on wood. Gouache is easily applied to the surface, does not spread or crack. To more firmly attach the paint to the surface, it is coated with an aqueous solution of PVA glue (1:1). After its application, the product no longer needs to be primed.

Gouache patterns are always bright and rich, because it’s not called poster paint for nothing. Even beginning artists can use gouache. This emulsion consists of glycerin, phenol, alizarin oil, and water. After drying, the wooden product must be varnished.

Everyone knows watercolor

Watercolor paint is a finely ground pigment mixed with binders based on vegetable glue. It also contains glycerin and phenol. Watercolor is characterized by transparency. There are three types of this paint on sale:

1. Liquid product in tubes.
2. Soft paint in ditches.
3. Solid matter in tiles.

Beginning artists use watercolors to paint nesting dolls. It is perfect for backgrounds in large areas because it is diluted with water. Here are the advantages of this paint:

• creates light and airy designs;
• equips images with shadows and hue transitions;
• makes strokes invisible;
• faithfully conveys natural shades;
• Mixes well with other wood staining products.

Products painted with watercolors are best coated with clear varnish.

Tempera paints

Classic painting on wood is done with tempera. It is made using an adhesive solution or egg yolk. It was used in ancient times, then was replaced by oil compositions. This is what was used in icon painting. Even the drawings in the sarcophagi of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt were made in tempera.

Tempera paints are easily diluted and washed off with water. They retain color well and do not crack. In tubes they do not thicken or rot, but for this they need to be stored correctly. At home, an egg or yolk mixture is prepared, in an industrial environment - acrylic, wax-oil, and glue. Today you can buy matte, semi-matte and glossy emulsions. The production of tempera paints in sets and individual tubes has been established. This universal professional paint is used by the most demanding artists not only for painting on wood, but also for landscapes on canvas and miniatures on stone.

Paint Application Methods

An experienced master will quickly be able to put a masterpiece on a tablet. Beginning artists can use our tips and use one of the technologies:

• point;
• using manufactured stencils;
• drawing from a sketch.

Dot technology allows novice artists to create masterpieces on wooden products. It is enough to place special points on the sketches that will help transfer the drawing to the main surface. This is something similar to how in elementary school they teach you to draw along lines. The more dots are applied, the clearer and more expressive the picture will be. At the end, the drawing is painted and brought to the final stage.

The stencil method is considered the simplest. First, they take a purchased or made stencil, press it to the product, trace it with a pencil and begin painting. Drawing using a template is very easy.

Sometimes, before making a drawing on a wooden blank, they make a test sketch on paper. This allows you to experiment with a variety of patterns: abstractions, geometric shapes, professional sketches.

You can also use dark or white transfer paper to apply designs to wood products. Carbon paper allows you to make a neat drawing. Whatever method you use, the resulting products will make a good gift or home decoration.

It would seem that there is no place left for artistic painting in the pragmatic 21st century, and it can now only be admired in museums. However, it is still Russia You can find thriving workshops that have preserved the ancient traditions of various artistic paintings and continue to amaze modern people with their skills.

Zhostovo

Origins Zhostovo painting date back to the early 19th century. At that time, in several neighboring villages of the former Troitskaya volost (now the Mytishchi district of the Moscow region), craft workshops arose that were engaged in the production of painted decorative items from papier-mâché, varnished. Artists painted boxes, cigarette cases, sugar bowls and metal trays. Gradually, the number of trays produced increased, thereby displacing other products.
The main motifs of the painting are flower bouquets. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the advent of Soviet power, the villages were united into the “Metal Tray” artel, and the masters had a hard time when new subjects for drawing were imposed on them, dictated by the then trends of realism. However, the artists managed to preserve their originality, and Zhostovo trays moved from the category of household items into decorative panels, which are valued not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma originated in the 17th century in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod. The name of the craft comes from the village of Khokhloma, where finished products were brought from nearby villages. The founders of this wood painting are called the Old Believers, who fled the new church way of life. It was they who owned the secrets of “golden” painting on dishes.
By the way, the basis of the painting is not golden, but silver tin powder. A special composition is applied on top of it, then it is subjected to heat treatment, and only then they begin to paint. The main motifs of Khokhloma are bunches of rowan berries, berries, leaves and flowers.

Gzhel

Gzhel called the calling card of Russia in the field of applied crafts. It is believed that Gzhel dates back to the 14th century. Some argue that the name comes from the Gzhelka River (Gzholka), on which stood the village where the craftsmen lived. Others believe that “Gzhel” is a paraphrase of the word “zhgel”, i.e. firing of ceramics. 60 km from Moscow there is the “Gzhel Bush”, which consists of 27 villages where they engage in firing and painting of ceramic products. They were painted with cobalt blue in two ways: overglaze and underglaze. First, the design was applied to wet clay, and then again to glaze. The Gzhel pottery industry flourished, because the rich used silverware, and the common people used coarse earthenware of various sizes. Over time, Gzhel became accessible to all segments of the population, but it did not lose its beauty and relevance.

Fedoskino

The village of Fedoskino (Moscow region) is famous for varnish painting. In the 18th century, near the village there was a Lukutinskaya factory producing lacquer visors for hats. Then she changed direction, and 80 civilian workers began painting products made of papier-mâché and wood with varnish. The amazing glow and shine of boxes and other miniatures was achieved by “through-writing.” This was the name of the technique when, before the actual drawing itself, a thin layer of gold leaf and mother-of-pearl was applied to the surface. The most popular subjects for drawing are related to the life of ordinary people.

Mezen painting

Like many other folk crafts, Mezen painting received its name from the area in which it developed - in this case, from the name of the Mezen River, located in the Arkhangelsk region. The technique in which the craftsmen work dates back to the ancient Slavic tribes. The main ornaments are rhombuses, crosses, solar disks, repeated in a certain sequence.
In Mezen wood painting, only two colors dominate - black (soot) and reddish (ochre). They mainly apply ornaments to household items: boxes, spinning wheels, ladles. After painting the utensils, drying oil is applied to it, which protects the design from erasing and gives it additional shine.
Many contemporary artists continue to practice ancient crafts, while adding something of their own. So an artist from Izhevsk

From time immemorial, humanity has been painting various surfaces with paints - stones, wood, leather and other materials on which dyes were applied. At the same time, a wide variety of materials were used as paint - clay of various colors, tree resin, soot. One of the most popular materials for painting is wood - many household items were originally made of wood, furniture, and the houses themselves were also made of wood, and the desire for beauty has always been inherent in humanity, so they decorated the surrounding objects with everything that was at hand. Painting on wood using high-quality acrylic paints is becoming especially popular, as it allows you to plunge into the world of distant ancestors and take your mind off the stress and frantic rhythm of the modern world.

At the same time, you don’t have to be a professional master of this or that type of painting - stores have a large quantity of necessary materials and tools that will help you master any technique in a fairly short time. If this is not enough, then various educational institutions will be happy to offer you to attend courses for beginners at a time convenient for you.

We study painting on wood with acrylic paints with a description of the work

Painting on wood is most suitable for beginning artists to work with acrylic paints - they are bright, easy to apply and waterproof, while they are practically odorless and easy to work with.

There are different types of painting that originated at different times and in different places in our country, but they all originate in ancient times, when people lived in harmony with nature and the world around them.

One of these types of painting is Khokhloma painting, in which the main elements are grass, flowers, berries, that is, the pictures reflect the entire plant world surrounding a person. This type of painting got its name from the name of the village of Khokhloma, near which it originated.

Another popular folk painting technique originated in a small town on the Volga called Gorodets and was called Gorodets painting. A distinctive feature of this type of painting is that animals are always depicted in profile, and people in full face. The main theme of this type of painting is the everyday life of ordinary people - walks along city streets, fair festivities, weddings, and at the same time, the paintings are always saturated with bright colors that frame them in the form of garlands, wreaths or simply bouquets scattered throughout the picture.

In addition to these two types of wood painting, there is another decorative technique that is no less popular - Mezen painting. Its distinctive features are the use of only two colors in the designs - red and black, as well as a rather symbolic image of various elements (the main motifs are solar disks, rhombuses and crosses, which have certain meanings)

Let's take a closer look at painting on wood using the example of a master class on decorating a wooden board. We will use acrylic paints, as they are the most convenient for working at the stage of getting acquainted with this type of folk art. In this case, the board is also the most convenient object from which you can begin to master the painting technique.

Master class on painting a wooden board with your own hands

Acrylic paints are very easy to use, adhere well to a wooden surface and, after drying, form a waterproof film, so the painted product does not need to be varnished.

Materials and tools needed:

• Wooden cutting board;
• Acrylic paint;
• Brushes;
• Carbon paper (to transfer the drawing onto the board).

Stages of painting a wooden board.

First you need to prepare the surface you are going to paint. To do this, cover the board with an even layer of white paint - this is necessary in order to level the surface and saturate the pores of the wood, so that further layers of paint will lay down more evenly.

While the board is drying, you can draw a sketch of the future design on paper. Of course, if your artistic skills allow you to draw directly on the board, then you can do without preliminary drawings.

Let's start coloring. To make a bright board, we will use paints of different colors and shades.

Using a thin brush and black paint we decorate the centers of the flowers, and using white paint we paint the berries, flower petals and leaves with thin lines.

A bright and colorful food cutting board is ready. After drying, it can be varnished to better fix the colors, but if the product will only serve a decorative function, you can do without varnishing.

Wood painting is a great way to create unique products with acrylic paints with your own hands, which can be used in everyday life, used as interior decoration, or gifted to a loved one. The technology of this type of creativity is so simple that even a child can master it with a little help from adults.

Video on the topic of the article

In conclusion, we invite you to watch several videos about painting various products with acrylic paints in order to give uniqueness and originality to things, as well as the interior of your home.